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includes the Citizenship Clause, Privileges or Immunities Clause, Due Process Clause, and Equal Protection Clause. The Citizenship Clause broadly defines citizenship...

Free Exercise Clause accompanies the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Establishment Clause and the Free...

Amendment to states—a process known as incorporation—through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In Everson v. Board of Education (1947), the...

least one parent who was not born on U.S. soil. The natural-born-citizen clause has been mentioned in passing in several decisions of the United States...

the Double Jeopardy Clause; the Self Incrimination Clause; the Due Process Clause; and, the Takings Clause. The Grand Jury Clause is limiting governmental...

The reserve clause, in North American professional sports, was part of a player contract which stated that the rights to players were retained by the team...

The Supremacy Clause of the Constitution of the United States (Article VI, Clause 2) establishes that the Constitution, federal laws made pursuant to...

fees were struck down for public-sector unions in Janus v. AFSCME in 2018. Opponents, such as Richard Kahlenberg, have argued that right-to-work laws simply...

of Canada. It is commonly known as the notwithstanding clause (French: clause dérogatoire, clause nonobstant, or, as prescribed by the Quebec Board of the...

also does not satisfy the heightened scrutiny under the Equal Protection Clause. PRWORA has been criticized for its terms, which permit all states to not...

A retention of title clause (also called a reservation of title clause or a Romalpa clause in some jurisdictions) is a provision in a contract for the...

and Spending Clause (which contains provisions known as the General Welfare Clause and the Uniformity Clause), Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 of the United...

The Origination Clause, sometimes called the Revenue Clause, is Article I, Section 7, Clause 1 of the U.S. Constitution. The clause says that all bills...

word "strike" to describe a work protest was first seen in 1768, when sailors, in support of demonstrations in London, "struck" or removed the topgallant...

for the first time since the 1930s, struck down an act of Congress as exceeding its power under the Commerce Clause. Rehnquist grew up in Milwaukee, Wisconsin...

the Court held that Congress had exceeded its power under the Commerce Clause. The case arose from a San Antonio high school student's challenge to the...

Religious Test Clause, but that the Vice Presidency would remain subject to both Section 3 and the No Religious Test Clause. The Establishment Clause of the 1st...

grounds that Congress had passed it under the supremacy clause. The Supreme Court has also struck down attempts by states to control or direct the affairs...

The Jesuit clause (Norwegian: Jesuittparagrafen) was a provision in the Constitution of Norway, paragraph 2, in force from 1814 to 1956, that denied Jesuits...

democracy, decisions about how such a balance should be struck are properly made by Parliament’. Clause 12 establishes the obligation on public bodies, including...