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Specific-pathogen-free (SPF) is a term used for laboratory animals that are guaranteed free of particular pathogens. Use of SPF animals ensures that specified...3 KB (417 words) - 20:05, 20 April 2024
Adaptive immune system (redirect from Specific immunity)adaptive immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are "acquired" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are...57 KB (7,172 words) - 09:38, 8 August 2024
Microorganism (redirect from Micro-organism)A microorganism, or microbe, is an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells. The possible existence...74 KB (7,754 words) - 23:03, 28 August 2024
Immune system (section Manipulation by pathogens)biological systems that protects an organism from diseases. It detects and responds to a wide variety of pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, as...118 KB (13,486 words) - 16:39, 9 September 2024
Host (biology) (redirect from Host organism)infection to mosquitoes that bite them. Reservoir host – an organism that harbors a pathogen but suffers no ill effects. However, it serves as a source...27 KB (2,858 words) - 10:42, 17 August 2024
Infection (section Primary pathogens)the pathogen, by harboring an organism with a similar structure (crossreacting), or by vaccination. Knowledge of the protective antigens and specific acquired...117 KB (12,739 words) - 09:22, 10 September 2024- Blight (category Plant pathogens and diseases)Blight is a specific symptom affecting plants in response to infection by a pathogenic organism. Blight is a rapid and complete chlorosis, browning, then...13 KB (1,542 words) - 22:30, 25 April 2024
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. The exact definition...223 KB (24,607 words) - 23:09, 19 August 2024
Amoeba (redirect from Amoeba (amoeboid organism))likewise play host to microscopic organisms that are pathogenic to people and help in spreading such microbes. Bacterial pathogens (for example, Legionella) can...41 KB (3,651 words) - 00:56, 18 August 2024- such as IL-8, IL-37, TLR10, ICAM-3, etc. Laboratory mice reared in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) conditions usually have a rather immature immune system with...89 KB (9,348 words) - 16:50, 28 August 2024
Innate immune system (redirect from Non specific immunity)display specificity for different pathogens. Innate immune system cells prevent free growth of microorganisms within the body, but many pathogens have evolved...43 KB (4,797 words) - 03:20, 11 July 2024- immunity, is a semi-specific and widely distributed form of immunity. It is defined as the first line of defense against pathogens, representing a critical...30 KB (3,383 words) - 09:27, 23 January 2024
- host range of a variety of different pathogenic organisms. A pathogen displays tropism for a specific host if it can interact with the host cells in a...21 KB (2,537 words) - 07:13, 13 August 2024
Antibody (redirect from Specific antibody)isotype-specific, which gives greater flexibility to the immune system, invoking only the appropriate immune mechanisms for distinct pathogens. Humans...119 KB (13,400 words) - 17:29, 29 August 2024- this genus and some are free access (http://www.mimulusevolution.org) Nicotiana benthamiana, model organism for plant-pathogen studies. Nicotiana tabacum...46 KB (4,626 words) - 23:40, 15 June 2024
- Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are small molecular motifs conserved within a class of microbes, but not present in the host. They are recognized...13 KB (1,476 words) - 12:50, 13 January 2024
Pathogenic bacteria (redirect from Bacterial pathogen)unknown pathogens, Koch's postulates are the standard to establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease. Each species has specific effect...79 KB (4,101 words) - 10:40, 13 April 2024
a competitor to humanity. Pests include plants, pathogens, invertebrates, vertebrates, or any organism that harms an ecosystem. Animals are considered...53 KB (5,616 words) - 17:54, 23 August 2024- small cell wall-less bacterium in the class Mollicutes. It is a human pathogen that causes the disease mycoplasma pneumonia, a form of atypical bacterial...37 KB (4,014 words) - 21:20, 16 May 2024
Fish diseases and parasites (redirect from Fish pathogen)blood cells that attempt to destroy the pathogens. Specific defences are specialised responses to particular pathogens recognised by the fish's body, that...55 KB (5,882 words) - 07:59, 5 July 2024
- of pathogen-specific memory B and T cells have already been generated prior to a first exposure to the natural pathogen. When the natural pathogen attacks
- rhusiopathiae. The problem eventually was eliminated by use of specific- pathogen-free (SPF) pigs delivered aseptically by surgery, deprived of colostrum
- pathogen, by harbouring an organism with a similar structure (cross reacting), or by vaccination. Knowledge of the protective antigens and specific acquired