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Statistics (from German: Statistik, orig. "description of a state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis,...

In statistics, the logistic model (or logit model) is a statistical model that models the log-odds of an event as a linear combination of one or more independent...

666 (six hundred [and] sixty-six) is the natural number following 665 and preceding 667. In Christianity, 666 is referred to in (most manuscripts of) chapter...

Benford's law, also known as the Newcomb–Benford law, the law of anomalous numbers, or the first-digit law, is an observation that in many real-life sets...

A Turing machine is a mathematical model of computation describing an abstract machine that manipulates symbols on a strip of tape according to a table...

In mathematics and mathematical logic, Boolean algebra is a branch of algebra. It differs from elementary algebra in two ways. First, the values of the...

In graph theory, a tree is an undirected graph in which any two vertices are connected by exactly one path, or equivalently a connected acyclic undirected...

Multiplication (often denoted by the cross symbol ×, by the mid-line dot operator ⋅, by juxtaposition, or, on computers, by an asterisk *) is one of the...

In mathematics, a ratio (/ˈreɪʃ(i)oʊ/) shows how many times one number contains another. For example, if there are eight oranges and six lemons in a bowl...

In mathematics, a norm is a function from a real or complex vector space to the non-negative real numbers that behaves in certain ways like the distance...

In cryptography, SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1) is a hash function which takes an input and produces a 160-bit (20-byte) hash value known as a message...

In signal processing, cross-correlation is a measure of similarity of two series as a function of the displacement of one relative to the other. This is...

In geometry, a hypotenuse is the side of a right triangle opposite the right angle. It is the longest side of any such triangle. The length of the hypotenuse...

In mathematics, an infinitesimal number is a quantity that is closer to 0 than what any standard non-zero real number is, but is not 0. The word infinitesimal...

In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm that operates on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks. Block ciphers are the elementary...

In statistics, the likelihood-ratio test assesses the goodness of fit of two competing statistical models, specifically one found by maximization over...

Cryptography, the use of codes and ciphers to protect secrets, began thousands of years ago. Until recent decades, it has been the story of what might...

In mathematical logic, New Foundations (NF) is an axiomatic set theory, conceived by Willard Van Orman Quine as a simplification of the theory of types...

In mathematics, a Clifford algebra is an algebra generated by a vector space with a quadratic form, and is a unital associative algebra with the additional...

In mathematics, differential refers to several related notions derived from the early days of calculus, put on a rigorous footing, such as infinitesimal...