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The chronology of the universe describes the history and future of the universe according to Big Bang cosmology. Research published in 2015 estimates the...

A spectrometer (/spɛkˈtrɒmɪtər/) is a scientific instrument used to separate and measure spectral components of a physical phenomenon. Spectrometer is...

An optical prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that are designed to refract light. At least one surface must be angled...

The world line (or worldline) of an object is the path that an object traces in 4-dimensional spacetime. It is an important concept of modern physics,...

In physics, specifically statistical mechanics, an ensemble (also statistical ensemble) is an idealization consisting of a large number of virtual copies...

A photometer is an instrument that measures the strength of electromagnetic radiation in the range from ultraviolet to infrared and including the visible...

Albert Einstein conducted several unsuccessful investigations. These pertain to quantum mechanics, superconductivity, and his details on his own theory...

A gas laser is a laser in which an electric current is discharged through a gas to produce coherent light. The gas laser was the first continuous-light...

In classical mechanics, a kinematic pair is a connection between two physical objects that imposes constraints on their relative movement (kinematics)...

An infrared telescope is a telescope that uses infrared light to detect celestial bodies. Infrared light is one of several types of radiation present in...

Russell Stannard, OBE (24.5[clarification needed] December 1931[citation needed] – 4 July 2022) was a British high-energy particle physicist. Stannard...

A material's half-value layer (HVL), or half-value thickness, is the thickness of the material at which the intensity of radiation entering it is reduced...

The Meteosat visible and infrared imager (or MVIRI) is the scientific instrument package on board the seven Meteosat first-generation geostationary meteorological...

An autocollimator is an optical instrument for non-contact measurement of angles. They are typically used to align components and measure deflections in...

A cylindrical joint is a two-degrees-of-freedom kinematic pair used in mechanisms. Cylindrical joints constrain two bodies to a single axis while allowing...

This is a timeline of states of matter and phase transitions, specifically discoveries related to either of these topics. 1895 – Pierre Curie discovers...

A shock stall is a stall created when the airflow over an aircraft's wings is disturbed by shock waves formed when flying at or above the aircraft's drag...

Egbert Kankeleit (16 April 1929 – 23 December 2022) was a German nuclear physicist. Egbert Kankeleit was born in Hamburg, Germany on 16 April 1929, as...

Nikolai Borisovich Kopnin (May 17, 1946 – October 20, 2013) was a Russian physicist specializing in superconductivity. Born in Moscow, Kopnin earned a...