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{{Redirect|Magusa|the moth genus|Magusa (moth)}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Famagusta
|native_name = {{hlist|{{native name|el|Αμμόχωστος|italics=no}}|{{native name|tr|Mağusa}}}}
|image_skyline = Famagusta 01-2017 img26_city_walls_Othello_Tower.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Famagusta othello castle
|image_flag =
|image_seal =
|pushpin_map = Cyprus
|pushpin_mapsize = 300
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|TRNC}}
|subdivision_type1 =  • [[Districts of Cyprus|District]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Famagusta District]]
|subdivision_type2 =
|subdivision_name2 =
|subdivision_type3 =  • [[Cyprus|District]]

|TotalArea_sq_mi =
|area_total =
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Ismail Arter
|leader_title2 = '
|leader_name2 =
|population_as_of = 2011
|population_footnotes = <ref>{{citation|url=http://www.devplan.org/Nufus-2011/nufus%20ikinci_.pdf |title=KKTC 2011 Nüfus ve Konut Sayımı |trans_title=TRNC 2011 Population and Housing Census |publisher=TRNC State Planning Organization |date=6 August 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106001538/http://www.devplan.org/Nufus-2011/nufus%20ikinci_.pdf |archivedate=2013-11-06 |df= }}</ref>
|population_total = 40920
|population_urban = 50465
|coordinates = {{coord|35|07|30|N|33|56|30|E|region:CY|display=inline,title}}
| timezone1 = [[Further-eastern European Time|FET]]
| utc_offset1 = +3
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
|website = [http://www.famagusta.org.cy/ Greek Cypriot municipality]
}}

'''Famagusta''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|f|æ|m|ə|ˈ|ɡ|ʊ|s|t|ə|,_|ˌ|f|ɑː|-}} ({{lang-el|Αμμόχωστος}} {{IPA-el|aˈmːoxostos|local}}; {{lang-tr|Mağusa}} {{IPA-tr|mɑˈɰusɑ|}}, or {{lang|tr|''Gazimağusa''}} {{IPA-tr|gɑːzimɑˈɰusɑ|}}) is a city on the east coast of [[Cyprus]]. It is located east of [[Nicosia District|Nicosia]] and possesses the deepest harbour of the island. During the medieval period (especially under the [[maritime republics]] of [[Republic of Genoa|Genoa]] and [[Republic of Venice|Venice]]), Famagusta was the island's most important port city and a gateway to trade with the ports of the [[Levant]], from where the [[Silk Road]] merchants carried their goods to [[Western Europe]]. The old walled city and parts of the modern town presently fall within the ''de facto'' [[Northern Cyprus|Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]] in [[Gazimağusa District]], of which it is the capital.

==Name==
In [[classical antiquity|antiquity]], the town was known as ''Arsinoe''<ref>{{cite web|title=ARSINOE Cyprus|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0006%3Aentry%3Darsinoe-1|publisher=The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites|accessdate=11 June 2017}}</ref> ({{lang-grc|Ἀρσινόη}}), after [[Arsinoe II of Egypt]], and was mentioned by that name by [[Strabo]]. In Greek it is called ''Ammochostos'' ({{lang|el|Αμμόχωστος}}), meaning "hidden in [the] sand". This name developed into ''Famagusta'' (originally ''Famagouste'' in [[French language|French]] and ''Famagosta'' in [[Italian language|Italian]]), used in Western European languages, and to its Turkish name, ''Mağusa''. In Turkish, the city is also called {{lang|tr|''Gazimağusa''}}; [[Gazi]] means ''veteran'' in Turkish, and the city has been officially awarded with the title after 1974 (compare [[Gaziantep]]). The old town is nicknamed "the city of 365 churches" owing to a legend that at its peak, Famagusta boasted one church for each day of the year.

==History==
The city was founded around 274&nbsp;BC, after the serious damage to [[Salamis, Cyprus|Salamis]] by an earthquake, by [[Ptolemy II Philadelphus]] and named "Arsinoe" after his sister.<ref>{{cite web|title=Brief History|url=http://www.famagusta.org.cy/default.asp?id=329|publisher=Ammochostos Municipality|accessdate=4 June 2015}}</ref> Arsinoe was described as a "fishing town" by [[Strabo]] in his ''[[Geographica]]'' in the first century BC. It remained a small fishing village for a long time.{{sfn|Gürkan|2008|p=16}} Later, as a result of the gradual evacuation of [[Salamis, Cyprus|Salamis]] due to the Arab invasion led by [[Muawiyah I]], it developed into a small port.

===Medieval Famagusta===
[[File:The Ramparts, Famagusta.jpg|250px|left|thumb|Palazzo del Provveditore (the Royal Palace) entrance, Famagusta.]]
[[File:St. Peter & Paul C.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Church of Sts. Peter and Paul (1359) was converted into a mosque in 1571 and renamed as the Sinan Pasha Mosque.]]

The turning point for Famagusta was 1192 with the onset of [[Lusignan]] rule. It was during this period that Famagusta developed as a fully-fledged town. It increased in importance to the Eastern Mediterranean due to its natural harbour and the walls that protected its inner town. Its population began to increase. This development accelerated in the 13th century as the town became a centre of commerce for both the East and West. An influx of Christian refugees fleeing the [[Siege of Acre (1291)|downfall of Acre]] (1291) in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] transformed it from a tiny village into one of the richest cities in Christendom.

In 1372 the port was seized by [[Republic of Genoa|Genoa]] and in 1489 by [[Republic of Venice|Venice]]. This commercial activity turned Famagusta into a place where merchants and ship owners led lives of luxury. The belief that people's wealth could be measured by the churches they built inspired these merchants to have churches built in varying styles. These churches, which still exist, were the reason Famagusta came to be known as "the district of churches". The development of the town focused on the social lives of the wealthy people and was centred upon the Lusignan palace, the Cathedral, the Square and the harbour.

<gallery>
File:Repubblica di Genova.png|Territories, colonies and trade routes of the [[Republic of Genoa]]
File:Repubblica di Venezia.png|Territories, colonies and trade routes of the [[Republic of Venice]]
File:Konrad von Grünenberg - Beschreibung der Reise von Konstanz nach Jerusalem - Blatt 26v-27r.jpg|View of Famagusta in the 1480s, from ''Beschreibung der Reise von Konstanz nach Jerusalem''
</gallery>

===Ottoman Famagusta===
[[File:ammoxostos.jpg|thumb|250px|right|The port of Famagusta, engraving from the book of Olfert Dapper "Description exact des iles des l'Archipel", Amsterdam, 1703.]]

{{Further| Marco Antonio Bragadin}}
In 1570–1571, Famagusta was the last stronghold in Venetian Cyprus to [[Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573)|hold out against the Turks]] under [[Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha|Mustafa Pasha]]. It resisted a siege of thirteen months and a terrible bombardment, until at last the garrison surrendered. The Ottoman forces had lost 50,000 men, including Mustafa Pasha's son. Although the surrender terms had stipulated that the Venetian forces be allowed to return home, the Venetian commander, [[Marco Antonio Bragadin]], was flayed alive, his lieutenant Tiepolo was hanged, and many other Christians were killed.<ref>{{cite book| last = Kinross| first = Lord| title = Ottoman Centuries| year = 2002| publisher = Harper Perennial| isbn = 978-0-688-08093-8 }}</ref>
[[File:Famagusta 01-2017 img26 city walls Othello Tower.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Famagusta [[citadel]] walls]]

With the advent of the Ottoman rule, Latins lost their privileged status in Famagusta and were expelled from the city. Greek Cypriots were at first allowed to own and buy property in the city, but were banished from the walled city in 1573-74 and had to settle outside in the area that later developed into Varosha. Turkish families from Anatolia were resettled in the walled city but could not fill the buildings that previously hosted a population of 10,000.<ref name=uluca75>{{Harvnb|Uluca|2006|pages=73–5}}</ref> This caused a drastic decrease in the population of Famagusta. Merchants from Famagusta, who mostly consisted of Latins that had been expelled, resettled in [[Larnaca]] and as Larnaca flourished, Famagusta lost its importance as a trade centre.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gazioğlu|first1=Ahmet C.|title=The Turks in Cyprus: A Province of the Ottoman Empire (1571-1878)|date=1990|publisher=K. Rustem & Brother|location=London|page=149}}</ref> Over time, Varosha developed into a prosperous agricultural town thanks to its location away from the marshes, whilst the walled city remained dilapidated.<ref name=uluca75/>

In the walled city, some buildings were repurposed to serve the interests of the Muslim population: the Cathedral of St. Nicholas was converted to a mosque (now known as [[Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque]]), a [[bazaar]] was developed, public baths, fountains and a theological school were built to accommodate the inhabitants' needs. Dead end streets, an Ottoman urban characteristic, was imported to the city and a communal spirit developed in which a small number of two-storey houses inhabited by the small upper class co-existed with the widespread one-storey houses.<ref name="magusa">{{cite web|last1=Dağlı|first1=Uğur Ulaş|title=Story of a Town|url=http://www.magusa.org/en/story-of-a-town.html|publisher=Municipality of Famagusta|accessdate=28 March 2016}}</ref>

===British rule===
With the British takeover, Famagusta regained its significance as a port and an economic centre and its development was specifically targeted in British plans. As soon as the British took over the island, a Famagusta Development Act was passed that aimed at the reconstruction and redevelopment of the city's streets and dilapidated buildings as well as better hygiene. The port was developed and expanded between 1903 and 1906 and [[Cyprus Government Railway]], with its terminus in Famagusta, started construction in 1904. Whilst Larnaca continued to be used as the main port of the island for some time, after Famagusta's use as a military base in [[World War I]] trade significantly shifted to Famagusta.<ref name=uluca81>{{Harvnb|Uluca|2006|pages=81–4}}</ref> The city outside the walls grew at an accelerated rate, with development being centred around Varosha.<ref name=magusa/> Varosha became the administrative centre as the British moved their headquarters and residences there and tourism grew significantly in the last years of the British rule. Pottery and production of citrus and potatoes also significantly grew in the city outside the walls, whilst agriculture within the walled city declined to non-existence.<ref name=uluca81/> New residential areas were built to accommodate the increasing population towards the end of the British rule,<ref name=magusa/> and by 1960, Famagusta was a modern colonial port city<ref name=farid>{{cite book|last1=Mirbagheri|first1=Farid|title=Historical Dictionary of Cyprus|date=2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|pages=62–3|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=f82Jn_H4VukC&pg=62&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> extending far beyond Varosha and the walled city.<ref name=uluca81/>

The British period also saw a significant demographic shift in the city. In 1881, Christians constituted 60% of the city's population whilst Muslims were at 40%. By 1960, Turkish Cypriot population had dropped to 17.5% of the overall population, whilst the Greek Cypriot population had risen to 70%.<ref name=prio>{{cite web|title=FAMAGUSTA/AMMOCHOSTOS|url=http://www.prio-cyprus-displacement.net/default.asp?id=568|publisher=PRIO Cyprus Displacement Centre|accessdate=28 March 2016}}</ref> The city was also the site for one of the [[Jews in British camps on Cyprus|British internment camps]] for nearly 50,000 [[Jew]]ish survivors of the [[Holocaust]] trying to emigrate to [[Mandatory Palestine|Palestine]].<ref name=farid/>

===From independence to the Turkish invasion===
From independence in 1960 to the [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus]] of 1974, Famagusta developed toward the south west of Varosha as a tourist centre. In the late 1960s Famagusta became one of the world's best-known entertainment and tourist centres. The contribution of Famagusta to the country's economic activity by 1974 far exceeded its proportional dimensions within the country. It possessed over 50% of the total hotel accommodation of Cyprus. Whilst its population was only about 7% of the total of the country, Famagusta by 1974 accounted for over 10% of the total industrial employment and production of Cyprus, concentrating mainly on light industry compatible with its activity as a tourist resort and turning out high-quality products ranging from food, beverages and tobacco to clothing, footwear, plastics, light machinery and transport equipment. It contributed 19.3% of the business units and employed 21.3% of the total number of persons engaged in commerce on the island.
It acted as [[tourism in Cyprus|the main tourist destination]] of Cyprus, hosting 31.5% of the hotels and 45% of Cyprus' total bed capacity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.famagusta.org.cy/default.asp?id=329 |title=Famagusta Municipality |publisher=Famagusta.org.cy |accessdate=2013-10-15}}</ref>
[[Varosha, Famagusta|Varosha]] acted as the main touristic and business quarters.

In this period, the urbanisation of Famagusta slowed down and the development of the rural areas accelerated. Therefore, economic growth was shared between the city of Famagusta and the district, which had a balanced agricultural economy, with citrus, potatoes, tobacco and wheat as main products. Famagusta maintained good communications with this hinterland. The city's port remained the island's main seaport and in 1961, it was expanded to double its capacity in order to accommodate the growing volume of exports and imports. The port handled 42.7% of Cypriot exports, 48.6% of imports and 49% of passenger traffic.{{sfn|Cyprus Today 2010}}

There has not been an official census since 1960 but the population of the town in 1974 was estimated to be around 39,000<ref name="population" /> not counting about 12,000–15,000 persons commuting daily from the surrounding villages and suburbs to work in Famagusta. The number of people staying the city would swell to about 90,000–100,000 during the peak summer tourist period, with the influx of tourists from numerous [[Europe|European countries]], mainly [[United Kingdom|Britain]], [[France]], [[Germany]] and the [[Scandinavian countries]]. The majority of the city population were Greek Cypriots (26,500), with 8,500 Turkish Cypriots and 4,000 people from other ethnic groups.<ref name="population">{{cite book|last1=Mirbagheri|first1=Farid|title=Historical Dictionary of Cyprus|date=2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=0810862980|page=63}}</ref>

===From the Turkish intervention to the present===
During the second phase of the [[Turkish intervention of Cyprus]] on 14 August 1974 the [[Mesaoria]] plain was overrun by Turkish tanks and Famagusta was bombed by Turkish aircraft. It took two days for the [[Turkish Army]] to retake the city, prior to which Famagusta's entire Greek Cypriot population had fled into surrounding fields. Most of these Greek Cypriots believed that once the initial violence calmed down they would be allowed to return.{{citation needed|date=June 2012}}

As a result of the Turkish airstrikes dozens of civilians died, including tourists.<ref>{{cite book |last1=O'Malley |first1=Brendan |last2=Craig |first2=Ian |last3=Craig |first3=Ian |title=The Cyprus conspiracy : America, espionage, and the Turkish invasion |year=2002 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |location=London |isbn=978-1-86064-737-6 |pages=192, 216}}</ref>

Unlike other parts of the Turkish-controlled areas of Cyprus, the [[Varosha, Famagusta|Varosha]] suburb of Famagusta was fenced off by the Turkish Army immediately after being recaptured and remains fenced off today. The Greek Cypriots who had fled from Varosha were not allowed to return, and journalists are banned. The city has been frozen in time, with houses, department stores and hotels empty and looted, even to the tiles on bathroom walls.

== Cityscape==
[[File:City center Famagusta roundabout.jpg|thumb|250px|right|A roundabout in Famagusta]]
Famagusta's historic city centre is surrounded by the [[fortifications of Famagusta]], which have a roughly rectangular shape, built mainly by the Venetians in the 15th and 16th centuries, though some sections of the walls have been dated earlier times, as far as 1211.<ref name=uluca102>{{Harvnb|Uluca|2006|page=102}}</ref> Some important landmarks and visitor attractions in the old city are:<ref name=ttpd>{{cite web|title=Gazimağusa|url=http://ttpd.gov.ct.tr/Portals/1074/%C5%9Eehir/Gazimagusa/gazimagusa%20sehir%20rehberi.pdf|publisher=TRNC Department of Tourism and|accessdate=31 December 2015}}</ref><ref name=tarihi>{{cite web|title=Tarihi Yerler|url=http://www.magusa.org/tr/kent-rehberi/tarihi-yerler.html|publisher=Famagusta Municipality|accessdate=31 December 2015|language=Turkish}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Dreghorn|first1=William|title=FAMAGUSTA & SALAMIS: A Guide Book|url=http://www.stwing.upenn.edu/~durduran/drfm1.html#church|publisher=Rustem & Bro. Publishing House|accessdate=31 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What to see in Famagusta?|url=http://www.cypnet.co.uk/ncyprus/city/famagusta/fm-places.htm|publisher=Cypnet|accessdate=31 December 2015}}</ref>
* The [[Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque]]
* The [[Othello Castle]]
* [[Palazzo del Provveditore]] - the Venetian palace of the governor, built on the site of the former Lusignan royal palace
* [[St. Francis' Church (Famagusta)|St. Francis' Church]]
* [[Sinan Pasha Mosque (Famagusta)|Sinan Pasha Mosque]]
* [[Church of St. George of the Greeks]]
* [[Church of St. George of the Latins]]
* [[Twin Churches]]
* [[Nestorian Church (Famagusta)|Nestorian Church]] (of St George the Exiler)
* [[Namık Kemal Dungeon]]
* [[Agios Ioannis Church]]
* [[Venetian House]]
* [[Akkule Masjid]]
* [[Mustafa Pasha Mosque (Famagusta)|Mustafa Pasha Mosque]]
* [[Ganchvor monastery]]

In an October 2010 report titled ''[[Saving Our Vanishing Heritage]]'', [[Global Heritage Fund]] listed Famagusta, a "maritime ancient city of crusader kings", among the 12 sites most "On the Verge" of irreparable loss and destruction, citing insufficient management and development pressures.<ref>[http://globalheritagefund.org/index.php/what_we_do/sites_on_the_verge/ Global Heritage Fund &#124; GHF] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820022935/http://globalheritagefund.org/index.php/what_we_do/sites_on_the_verge/ |date=August 20, 2012 }}</ref>

==Economy==
{{see also|Port of Famagusta}}
[[File:Famagusta 01-2017 img28 sea port.jpg|thumb|250px|The port of Famagusta]]
Famagusta is an important commercial hub of Northern Cyprus. The main economic activities in the city are tourism, education, construction and industrial production. It has a 115-[[acre]] [[List of free ports|free port]], which is the most important seaport of Northern Cyprus for travel and commerce.<ref name=spd929/><ref>''Guide to Foreign Investors'' (2004), TRNC State Planning Organization, p. 18-19.</ref> The port is an important source of income and employment for the city, though its volume of trade is restricted by the [[embargo against Northern Cyprus]]. Its historical sites, including the walled city, Salamis, the Othello Castle and the St Barnabas Church, as well as the sandy beaches surrounding it make it a tourist attraction; efforts are also underway to make the city more attractive for international congresses. The Eastern Mediterranean University is also an important employer and supplies significant income and activity, as well as opportunities for the construction sector. The university also raises a qualified workforce that stimulates the city's industry and makes communications industry viable. The city has two industrial zones: the Large Industrial Zone and the Little Industrial Zone. The city is also home to a fishing port, but inadequate infrastructure of the port restricts the growth of this sector.<ref name=spd929>{{cite book|title=Ülkesel Fizik Plan - Bölüm VI. Bölge Strateji ve Politikaları|date=2012|publisher=TRNC Department of City Planning|pages=9–29|url=http://ulkeselfizikplan.spd.gov.ct.tr/dosyalar/plan/bolum6/#/8|language=Turkish}}</ref> The industry in the city has traditionally been concentrated on processing agricultural products.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mor|first1=Ahmet|last2=Çitci|first2=M. Dursun|title=KUZEY KIBRIS TÜRK CUMHURİYETİ’NDE EKONOMİK ETKİNLİKLER|journal=Fırat University Journal of Social Science|date=2006|volume=16|issue=1|pages=33–61|url=http://web.firat.edu.tr/sosyalbil/dergi/arsiv/cilt16/sayi1/33-61.pdf|language=Turkish}}</ref>

Historically, the port was the primary source of income and employment for the city, especially right after 1974. However, it gradually lost some of its importance is the economy as the share of its employees in the population of Famagusta diminished due to various reasons.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Atun|first1=Ata|title=Gazimağusa Limanının önemini kaybetme nedenleri ve kente olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri|url=http://www.journalacademic.com/Papers/publications/1999/18/Liman%20ve%20Kent.htm|website=journalacademic.com|publisher=Eastern Mediterranean University Famagusta Symposium of 1999|accessdate=12 August 2015|language=Turkish}}</ref> However, it still is the primary port for commerce in Northern Cyprus, with more than half of ships that came to Northern Cyprus in 2013 coming to Famagusta. It is the second most popular seaport for passengers, after [[Kyrenia]], with around 20,000 passengers using the port in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=KKTC Limanlarında bir yılda 2 milyon ton yük|url=http://www.kaptanhaber.com/GAZETE/36708/1/|publisher=Kaptan Haber|accessdate=12 August 2015|language=Turkish}}</ref>

== Politics ==
The mayor-in-exile of Famagusta is [[Alexis Galanos]]. [[İsmail Arter]] heads the Turkish Cypriot municipal administration of Famagusta, which remains legal as a communal-based body under the constitutional system of the Republic of Cyprus.<ref name="const">[http://www.cyprus.gov.cy/portal/portal.nsf/0/f7eb7480579b1a50c2256fdb0040a003?OpenDocument&ExpandSection=5#_Section5 The Constitution – Appendix D: Part 12 – Miscellaneous Provisions]</ref> Since 1974, Greek Cypriots submitted a number of proposals within the context of bicommunal discussions for the return of Varosha to UN administration, allowing the return of its lawful inhabitants, requesting also the opening of Famagusta harbour for use by both communities.
Varosha would have been returned under Greek Cypriot control as part of the 2004 [[Annan Plan]] if the plan had been accepted by the Greek Cypriot voters.<ref>{{cite book| last = Mirbagheri| first = Farid| title = Historical dictionary of Cyprus| url = https://books.google.com/?id=pVTsmAEACAAJ&pg=PA63| edition = [Online-Ausg.].| year = 2010| publisher = Scarecrow Press| location = Lanham, Md.| isbn = 978-0-8108-5526-7| page = 62 }}</ref>

==Culture==
[[File:Cipro-Famagosta 4.jpg|thumb|250px|right|A street in the walled city of Famagusta]]
The walled city of Famagusta contains many unique buildings. Famagusta has a walled city popular with tourists.<ref name="tolgay">Tolgay, Ahmet. [http://www.kibrisgazetesi.com/printa.php?col=78&art=18856 Sur içi sendromu: Bir Lefkoşa – Mağusa kıyaslaması...] ([[Kıbrıs (newspaper)|Kıbrıs]])</ref> Every year, the International Famagusta Art and Culture Festival is organized in Famagusta. Concerts, dance shows and theater plays take place during the festival.<ref>[http://www.lonelyplanet.com/cyprus/famagusta-magusa/events/local-festivals-culture/international-famagusta-art-culture-festival International Famagusta Art & Culture Festival] ([[Lonely Planet]]) Retrieved on 2015-08-31.</ref>

A growth in tourism and the city's university have fueled<ref>{{cite book|last1=Scott|first1=Julie|editor1-last=Brown|editor1-first=Frances|editor2-last=Hall|editor2-first=Derek D.|editor3-last=Hall|editor3-first=Derek R.|title=Tourism in Peripheral Areas: Case Studies|date=2000|publisher=Channel View Publications|page=65|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4I5I4m2aoTEC&pg=65#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> the development of Famagusta's vibrant<ref>{{cite news|title=Mağusa geceleri capcanlı|url=http://www.kibrisgazetesi.com/?p=270042|accessdate=28 March 2016|publisher=Kıbrıs|date=3 May 2008|language=Turkish}}</ref> nightlife. Nightlife in the city is especially active on Wednesday, Friday and Saturday nights and in the hotter months of the year, starting from April. Larger hotels in the city have [[casino]]s that cater to their customers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gece Hayatı|url=http://www.magusa.org/tr/kent-rehberi/kuzey-k%C4%B1br%C4%B1s-rehberi/43-gece-hayat%C4%B1.html|publisher=Municipality of Famagusta|accessdate=28 March 2016|language=Turkish}}</ref> [[Salamis Road]] is an area of Famagusta where bars frequented by students and locals are concentrated and is very vibrant, especially in the summer.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gazimağusa|url=https://gezimanya.com/kuzey-kibris/gazimagusa|publisher=Gezimanya|accessdate=28 March 2016|language=Turkish}}</ref>

Famagusta's Othello Castle is the setting for [[William Shakespeare]]'s play ''[[Othello]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Shakespeare's 'Othello Tower,' victim of Cyprus's division, to reopen after facelift|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cyprus-othello-idUSKBN0OX1HJ20150617|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=4 January 2016|date=17 June 2015}}</ref> The city is also the setting for [[Victoria Hislop]]'s 2015 novel ''The Sunrise,''<ref>Victoria Hislop, ''The Sunrise'' (London: Headline Review 2015)</ref> and [[Michael Paraskos]]'s 2016 novel ''In Search of Sixpence.''<ref>Michael Paraskos, ''In Search of Sixpence'' (London: Friction Fiction, 2016)</ref>

==Sports==
Famagusta was home to many [[Greek Cypriot]] sport teams that left the city because of the [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus|Turkish invasion]] and still bear their original names. Most notable football clubs originally from the city are [[Anorthosis Famagusta FC]] and [[Nea Salamis Famagusta FC]], both of the [[Cypriot First Division]], which are now based in [[Larnaca]].

Famagusta is represented by [[Mağusa Türk Gücü]] in the [[Turkish Cypriot First Division]]. Dr. Fazıl Küçük Stadium is the largest football stadium in Famagusta.<ref name="MTG">http://www.ktff.net/index.php?tpl=show_all_league&league_id=19 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009044709/http://www.ktff.net/index.php?tpl=show_all_league&league_id=19 |date=October 9, 2011 }}</ref> Many [[Turkish Cypriot]] sport teams that left Southern Cyprus because of the [[Cypriot intercommunal violence]] are based in Famagusta.{{citation needed|date=June 2012}}

Famagusta is represented by DAÜ Sports Club and Magem Sports Club in North Cyprus First Volleyball Division. Gazimağusa Türk Maarif Koleji represents Famagusta in the North Cyprus High School Volleyball League.<ref name="High School Leauge">[http://www.starkibris.net/index.asp?haberID=86296 STAR KIBRIS GAZETESİ – Şampiyonlar Gazi Mağusa’dan – Liselerarası Voleybol Birinciliği’nde kızlarda Gazi Mağusa Türk Maarif Koleji, erkeklerde Namık Kemal Lisesi rakiplerini y...]</ref>

Famagusta has a modern [[volleyball]] stadium called the Mağusa Arena.<ref name="Mağusa Arena">http://gundem.emu.edu.tr/contents/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=64%3Amausa-arena-acildi&catid=44%3Aspor&Itemid=88&lang=tr {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425132250/http://gundem.emu.edu.tr/contents/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=64%3Amausa-arena-acildi&catid=44%3Aspor&Itemid=88&lang=tr |date=April 25, 2012 }}</ref>

==Education==
[[File:Emu cy library arial.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Library of the [[Eastern Mediterranean University]] in Famagusta, 2007.]]
The [[Eastern Mediterranean University]] was founded in the city in 1979.<ref>[http://www.emu.edu.tr/aboutemu/emuhistory.aspx Eastern Mediterranean University]</ref> The [[Istanbul Technical University]] founded a campus in the city in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=Köklü ve öncü bir üniversite|url=http://www.kibrisgazetesi.com/?p=610533|publisher=Kıbrıs|accessdate=4 January 2016|date=9 January 2015}}</ref>

The [[Cyprus College of Art]] was founded in Famagusta by the Cypriot artist [[Stass Paraskos]] in 1969, before moving to Paphos in 1972 after protests from local hoteliers that the presence of art students in the city was putting off holidaymakers.<ref>Michael Paraskos, 'A Voice in the Wilderness: Stass Paraskos and the Cyprus College of Art' in ''The Cyprus Dossier,'' no. 8 (2015)</ref>

== Healthcare ==
Famagusta has three general hospitals. {{lang|tr|''Gazimağusa Devlet Hastahanesi''}}, a state hospital, is the biggest hospital in city. {{lang|tr|''Gazimağusa Tıp Merkezi}} and {{lang|tr|''Gazimağusa Yaşam Hastahanesi}} are private hospitals.

==Personalities==
* [[Barnabas|Saint Barnabas]], born and died in Salamis, Famagusta
* [[Chris Achilleos]], illustrator of the book versions on the [[BBC]] children's series [[Doctor Who]]
* [[Dr. Derviş Eroğlu]], former President of [[Northern Cyprus]]
* [[George Vasiliou]], former [[President of Cyprus]]
* [[Alexia Vassiliou]], Cypriot singer
* [[Hal Ozsan]], actor ([[Dawson's Creek]], [[Kyle XY]])
* [[Vamik Volkan]], Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry
* [[Oktay Kayalp]], current Turkish Cypriot Famagusta mayor (Northern Cyprus)
* [[Alexis Galanos]], current Greek Cypriot Famagusta mayor (Republic of Cyprus)
* [[Beran Bertuğ]], [[Governor]] of Famagusta, first Cypriot woman to hold this position
* [[Derviş Zaim]], film director
* [[Xanthos Hadjisoteriou]], Cypriot painter
* Sohrab Sami, former professional tennis player
* Georgiou, George Polyviou (1901–1972) Cypriot painter<ref>{{cite news
| author =Nikita Eleni S.
| title =George Pol. Gergiou
| quote =
| newspaper =
| pages =
| url =
| accessdate =
}}</ref>

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Northern Cyprus}}

===Twin towns – Sister cities===
Famagusta is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:

* [[İzmir]], [[Turkey]] (since 1974)
* [[Antalya]], [[Turkey]] (since 1997)
* [[Struga]], [[Republic of Macedonia]]
* [[Athens]], [[Greece]] (since 2005)<ref name=" Central Union of Municipalities & Communities of Greece. Retrieved 2013-08-25.">http://www.kedke.gr/uploads/twinnedcities.pdf''</ref>

==Image gallery==
{{Cleanup gallery|date=August 2016}}

===Historic buildings in Famagusta===
<gallery>
File:Famagusta 01-2017 img18 Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque.jpg|
File:Famagusta 01-2017 img27 city walls Arsenal Bastion and Canbulat Museum.jpg|
File:Famagusta 01-2017 img25 StGeorge of the Latins Church.jpg|
File:Famagusta 01-2017 img15 StPeter and Paul Church.jpg|
File:St. Georg der Griechen C 1.jpg|
File:Famagusta 01-2017 img22 StGeorge of the Greeks Church.jpg|
File:Famagusta 01-2017 img06 Carmelite Church.jpg|
File:Nestorianische Kirche C.jpg|
File:Famagusta 01-2017 img08 Armenian Church.jpg|
File:Agios Nikolaos, Famagusta (2).jpg|
File:Agios Nikolaos, Famagusta (1).jpg|
File:Ayia Zoni, Famagusta.jpg|
</gallery>

===Varosha suburb of Famagusta===
{{main article|Varosha, Famagusta}}
<gallery>
File:Maraş (KKTC).JPG
File:FamagustaDistrict 01-2017 img04 Paralimni view of Varosha.jpg
File:Cipro-Famagosta2.jpg
File:Hotels von Verosia.JPG
File:Varosha2013.jpg
</gallery>

==See also==

*[[Fortunatus]]

==References==
;Sources consulted <!--ALPHABETICALLY-->
* {{cite journal|title=Famagusta: Regal Capital|journal=Cyprus Today|date=2010|volume=48|issue=3|pages=5–21|url=http://www.moi.gov.cy/moi/pio/pio.nsf/5bb2d7867fb2fe5dc2257076004d0374/94826AA10915AAD8C225782600375DDB/$file/Cyprus%20Today,%20July%20-%20September%202010.pdf|publisher=Press and Information Office, Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Cyprus|ref={{sfnRef|Cyprus Today 2010}}}}
* Enlart, Camille (1899). ''L'art gothique et la Renaissance a Chypre''. Paris, pp.&nbsp;251–255.
* [http://www.magusa.org/en/ Magusa.org (English)]. Official website of Famagusta.
* {{cite book|last1=Gürkan|first1=Muzaffer Haşmet|title=Kıbrıs'ın Sisli Tarihi|date=2008|publisher=Galeri Kültür|edition=1st|ref={{harvid|Gürkan|2008}}|language=Turkish}}
* [[William Smith (lexicographer)|Smith, William]] (1854). ''[[Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography]]''. s.v. Arsinoe
* {{Citation |last=Uluca |first=Ege |year=2006 |title=Gazimağusa Kaleiçi'nin Tarihsel Süreç İçindeki Kentsel Gelişimi ve Değişimi|url=https://www.academia.edu/11664807/Urban_development_and_Transformation_of_Famagusta_Throughout_History-_PhD_Thesis|accessdate=4 January 2016|publisher=[[Istanbul Technical University]]|type=PhD thesis|language=Turkish}}

;Further reading
* Weyl Carr, Annemarie (ed.), ''Famagusta, Volume 1. Art and Architecture'' (= ''Mediterranean Nexus 1100-1700. Conflict, Influence and Inspiration in the Mediterranean Area'' 2), Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2014. {{ISBN|978-2-503-54130-3}}

;Endnotes
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Famagusta}}
{{EB1911 Poster|Famagusta}}
*[https://www.blb-karlsruhe.de/virt_bib/stpeter_pap32/thumbnails-1.php] Konrad von Grünenberg, complete online [[facsimile]] of ''Beschreibung der Reise von Konstanz nach Jerusalem''.
*[http://www.famagusta.com/ Famagusta City Guide]
*[https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/01/world/europe/cyprus-varosha-reunification.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=second-column-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news Famagusta, 2015] [[NYTimes]] feature article
*[http://1886.u-bordeaux3.fr/items/show/9111] Complete online facsimile of Camile Enlart, ''L'art gothique et la renaissance en Chypre : illustré de 34 planches et de 421 figures'', Paris, E. Leroux, 1899.
* https://sites.google.com/site/harryismint12345then/home<nowiki/>{{Municipalities of Northern Cyprus}}
{{Gazimağusa District}}
{{Famagusta District}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Famagusta| ]]
[[Category:3rd-century BC establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 3rd century BC]]
[[Category:Cities in ancient Cyprus]]
[[Category:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Northern Cyprus]]
[[Category:Populated places in Famagusta District]]
[[Category:Populated places in Gazimağusa District]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Northern Cyprus]]
[[Category:Historic sites in Cyprus]]

Revision as of 13:41, 11 August 2017

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