George Warren Reed Jr.

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George Warren Reed (1920 – 2015) was an American chemist, best known for his work with fissionable uranium in the Manhattan Project.[2]Cite error: The <ref> tag name cannot be a simple integer (see the help page).


George Warren Reed's Timeline

  • Reed worked on the Manhattan Project at Chicago Met Lab. 1944-1945 [3][4]
  • Reed received his Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Chicago. 1952[3]
  • Reed was on the Lunar Sample Planning Team with National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).1972-1980 [4]
  • Reed was awarded the NASA'S Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal. 1977[3]
  • Reed was recognized through the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH). Reed scientific achievements shared and honored through the"This Black History Month, Legacy Management Association." 2021 [4][3]

Life

George Warren Reed born was in Washington, DC, on September 25, 1920. He died in Chicago on August 31, 2015 from natural causes. Reed was an Argonne chemist who worked on the Manhattan Project. In Reed early childhood he was not allowed to work to even though the family had slight difficulties. His only focus was to attend school and come home to complete all his assignments.[3] Reed’s mom from graduate Miners Teachers College and work hard to provide for him.[3] In his the later years, Reed was married to Selina Edwards and had four children who are named Mark Morrison-Reed, Philip, Carole, and Lauren.[2] In 2006, Mark Morrison-Reed interviewed his dad to get a preservative of Reed life being a famous chemist.[1] Mark charitable donated the interview to the to the Atomic Heritage Foundation.[1] Reed stated in the interview “My life story would be very different had not World War II intervened with the need to more fully utilize all the nation’s manpower and with the continued opening up of opportunities to all,” Reed told his son."[3] “We didn’t know it at the time, but we were developing the atomic bomb,” he said. “I was trained as an organic chemist and we were purifying uranium, but at that time I was totally in the dark; we didn’t even talk to the people in the lab next to us.”[3]

Reed demonstrated exceptional academic aptitude and a strong interest in physics from an early age.Cite error: The <ref> tag name cannot be a simple integer (see the help page). Reed inquisitiveness in physics led him to be a key figure in the Manhattan Project during World War II, where he helped advance nuclear physics and atomic weapons. After the war, Reed made significant contributions to the development of nuclear energy and its applications. Along with his scientific endeavors, Reed was an active civil rights activist, advocating for African Americans equality and justice. Reed dedication to scientific advancement and social justice exemplifies a multifaceted legacy that will continue to inspire future generations. [2]As pragmatic's Reed intellectual knowledge and experience with experiments allowed him to publish over 120 scientific papers.[4] The scientific papers are reference based on his space program studied, researcher, and writing over the years.[1]

Education and Career

Reed spent his entire career as a chemist specializing in various fields. In 1942, he received a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from Howard University and two years later a Master of Science 1944.[3] He then completed his Ph.D. at the University of Chicago in 1952, after his work with the Manhattan Project.[2] Dr. Reed worked with the Meteoritical Society from 1970 to 1972 and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) from 1972 to 1980. While Reed worked at (NASA) he analyzed a sample of the moon rock from the first moon landing.[1] His conclusion where the rock was contained with minerals not found on earth. Reed made the determination using the nuclear reactor.[1][5] Reed worked at the Argonne National Laboratory in the chemistry division as an associate chemist from 1952 to 1968. He was then promoted to a senior scientist beginning in 1968. At the laboratory he did scientific research subsidiary of the university.


In light of Reed accomplishments, he was faced with racism as all with his peers.[6][7] In the 1940's due to Jim Crow segregation laws only the white Americans and European refugee scientists could work freely on the site, black researchers could not.[7] Therefore a "Solid South" bloc of Democrats in Congress insisted that the new city reflect the Jim Crow segregation where African American can work.[7] So, a "secret city" was built in the rural farmland of Anderson County, and African- American chemist and scientists were transferred to live there.[7] At first, numerous black scientists who worked on the Oak Ridge's atomic bomb. The contribution to the Manhattan Project in Oak Ridge by black scientists was not heard of until today.[7] Reed and J. Ernest Wilkins who had worked with European refugee scientists Enrico Fermi and Leo Szilard. In the Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory, or known as the "Met Lab," their research was moved south without them and not credited.[7] Since Reed and J. Ernest Wilkins knowledge, and expertise had a crucial role in the Manhattan Project in today's society they a credited.[7]

During Reed time working on the Manhattan Project as nuclear and geo-chemist.[2] Manhattan Project was taken place during the World War II.[2] At the Metallurgical Laboratory University of Chicago, he worked alongside twelve famous Black American who made an impact to the projects mission.[5][1] To name a few Ralph Gardner-Chavis, Jasper Jeffries, Lawrence and William Jacob Knox, Blanche J. Lawrence, Carolyn Parker, Ella Tyree, and J. Ernest Wilkins.[5][4] Reed main purpose was to make fissionable uranium to produce and sustain a nuclear reaction, also examined the radiation of two chemical uranium and plutonium in different stages at the chemistry division of the Argonne National Laboratory.[5][4] Reed work had a huge influence on the construction of the atomic bomb.[1] Reed studied and research fission yields related to uranium and thorium to a definitive nuclear chain reaction.[4] Reed and his fellow peers the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) acknowledge their work because it is the start of nuclear security missions, and it is a use in today's society.

Bibliography

  1. Munro, R. (2011, August 24). George Warren Reed Jr. (1920-2015). BlackPast.org. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/reed-george-w-jr-1920/ Primary Source: The articles speak about George Warren Reed Jr.'s life and accolades, such as his education and career.
  2. Overcoming racism and discrimination, Black Americans made significant contributions to the Manhattan Project. Energy.gov. (2022, February 23). https://www.energy.gov/nnsa/articles/overcoming-racism-and-discrimination-black-americans-made-significant-contributions Short Statement: How George Warren Reed Jr.'s expertise contributed to the atomic bomb, known as the Manhattan Project.
  3. George Warren Reed. Nuclear Museum. (n.d.). https://ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/ahf/profile/george-warren-reed/ Short Article: A synopsis timeline is attached with a newsletter about George Warren Reed's life.
  4. LM highlights 3 accomplished scientists in honor of Black History Month. Energy.gov. (2021, February 10). https://www.energy.gov/lm/articles/lm-highlights-3-accomplished-scientists-honor-black-history-month Short Article: George Warren Reed Jr.'s career accomplishments include Chicago working at the University of Chicago Met Lab and receiving NASA's Exceptional Scientific Achievement.
  5. Kates, J. G. (2019, August 19). George W. Reed, Argonne chemist who worked on Manhattan Project, dies at 94. Chicago Tribune. https://www.chicagotribune.com/2015/10/05/george-w-reed-argonne-chemist-who-worked-on-manhattan-project-dies-at-94/ Short Interview Article: The article explained how George W. Reed worked on the Manhattan Project and the first moonwalk and his contribution to the community.
  6. Brittany Crocker, Knoxville News Sentinel. (2018, March 1). Bias kept black scientists out of Oak Ridge’s atomic bomb work. Knoxville. https://www.knoxnews.com/story/news/2018/02/25/oak-ridge-manhattan-project-atomic-bomb-black-scientists/1083138001/ Short Article: The article explained how, due to race, it had stipulations regarding George Warren Reed's career. In the 1940s, the Jim Crow segregation laws persisted, and black scientific contributions were left behind when the Manhattan Project in Oak Ridge was written. Over the years, George Warren Reed and fifteen African Americans have been recognized for their achievements and accomplishments in the community

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "LM Highlights 3 Accomplished Scientists in Honor of Black History Month". Energy.gov. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Munro, Robert (2011-08-24). "George Warren Reed Jr. (1920-2015) •". Black Past. Retrieved 2024-03-19.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Crocker, Brittany. "Bias kept black scientists out of Oak Ridge's atomic bomb work". Knoxville News Sentinel. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
  4. ^ a b c d "George Warren Reed - Nuclear Museum". Atomic Heritage Foundation | National Museum of Nuclear Science and History. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
  5. ^ a b c d "Overcoming racism and discrimination, Black Americans made significant contributions to the Manhattan Project". Energy.gov. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
  6. ^ Kates, Joan Giangrasse (2015-10-05). "George W. Reed, Argonne chemist who worked on Manhattan Project, dies at 94". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Crocker, Brittany. "Bias kept black scientists out of Oak Ridge's atomic bomb work". Knoxville News Sentinel. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
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