Krokodeilos Kladas: Difference between revisions
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'''Krokodeilos Kladas''' ({{lang-el|Κροκόδειλος Κλαδάς}}), variously also '''Krokondeilos''' or '''Korkondelos''', born about 1425, was a military leader in the [[Morea]] (medieval [[Peloponnese]]) in the latter 15th century.<ref name=Setton>{{cite book | last= M. Setton |first=Kenneth | title= The Papacy and the Levant, Vol. 1 | publisher=American Philosophical Society | year=1978 |page= 328, 551 |url= http://books.google.gr/books?id=0Sz2VYI0l1IC&dq=kladas%2Bgreek&q=kladas#v=snippet&q=kladas&f=false | isbn= 9789609890359}}</ref> |
'''Krokodeilos Kladas''' ({{lang-el|Κροκόδειλος Κλαδάς}}), variously also '''Krokondeilos''' or '''Korkondelos''', born about 1425, was a [[Greeks|Greek]] military leader in the [[Morea]] (medieval [[Peloponnese]]) in the latter 15th century.<ref name=Setton>{{cite book | last= M. Setton |first=Kenneth | title= The Papacy and the Levant, Vol. 1 | publisher=American Philosophical Society | year=1978 |page= 328, 551 |url= http://books.google.gr/books?id=0Sz2VYI0l1IC&dq=kladas%2Bgreek&q=kladas#v=snippet&q=kladas&f=false | isbn= 9789609890359}}</ref> |
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==Life== |
==Life== |
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Kladas was a member of the prominent Kladas clan. When the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] Sultan [[Mehmed II]] took the [[Despotate of the Morea|Morea]] in 1460, Kladas handed over his castle of Agios Giorgios and was given in exchange the castle of [[Vardounia]] in [[Mani peninsula|Upper Mani]] and the territory of Elos.<ref> Philippides-Sphrantzes, XL.9.</ref> By 1465 the Kladas brothers, Krokodēlos and Epifani, were leading bands of ''[[stratioti]]'' (warrior bands) on behalf of [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] [[Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479)|against the Turks]]. They put Vardounia and their lands into Venetian possession, for which Epifani then acted as governor. The Kladas brothers were frequently complimented by Venetian officials, and received generous Venetian gifts. In [[1477]], they led the resistance that drove an Ottoman invading force out of Mani.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} Krokodēlos Kladas and his followers stood in the position of rebels against Mehmed, but the [[Republic of Venice|Venetian]]-[[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Treaty of Constantinople (1479)|peace settlement]], while giving them a full pardon, also returned territorial boundaries to what they had been in 1463, so this put the Venetian-Kladas land holdings back into Ottoman possession. Kladas moved to Venetian-held [[Koroni]]. |
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On October 9, 1480, Kladas led ''stratioti'' men from Koroni to attack Ottoman holdings in Mani. A number of Turks were killed. Both Ottomans and Venetians put a price on his head. This revolt was joined in December by ''stratioti'' from [[Nafplion]] led by Theodore Bua. An army sent by the Sultan was defeated between [[Passavas]] and Oitylo in February of [[1481]]. Later that month, a larger force under Mohammed Bey drove Kladas to [[Porto Kagio]] where he was taken on board a Neapolitan galley, leaving his revolt to wither in his absence. A peaceful settlement of the revolt was negotiated by the Ottoman governor of the Morea and Venetian official [[Bartolomeo Minio]]. Meanwhile, Kladas went with a Neapolitan army to [[Ottoman Albania|Albania]] to aid an anti-Ottoman revolt there. It is not known when he returned to Mani. He was captured in battle near [[Monemvasia]] in [[1490]] and flayed alive.<ref> Kladas, p.11, quoting earlier testimony. Cited in Wright, Appendix 8.</ref> |
On October 9, 1480, Kladas led ''stratioti'' men from Koroni to attack Ottoman holdings in Mani. A number of Turks were killed. Both Ottomans and Venetians put a price on his head. This revolt was joined in December by ''stratioti'' from [[Nafplion]] led by Theodore Bua. An army sent by the Sultan was defeated between [[Passavas]] and Oitylo in February of [[1481]]. Later that month, a larger force under Mohammed Bey drove Kladas to [[Porto Kagio]] where he was taken on board a Neapolitan galley, leaving his revolt to wither in his absence. A peaceful settlement of the revolt was negotiated by the Ottoman governor of the Morea and Venetian official [[Bartolomeo Minio]]. Meanwhile, Kladas went with a Neapolitan army to [[Ottoman Albania|Albania]] to aid an anti-Ottoman revolt there. It is not known when he returned to Mani. He was captured in battle near [[Monemvasia]] in [[1490]] and flayed alive.<ref> Kladas, p.11, quoting earlier testimony. Cited in Wright, Appendix 8.</ref> |
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==Family== |
==Family== |
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The Kladas family is known in records from the Morea since 1296 when a "''Corcondille''" managed to capture a [[Frangokratia|Frankish]]-held castle for the [[Byzantine]]s. <ref> Longnon, §§ 803-817. </ref> Members of the family made donations to a monastery at Mistra in 1366 and 1375. <ref> Miklosich & Muller, Vol. 1, 482. Beēs, 247-248.</ref> A Krokodeilos is identified as one of the rebels against the Emperor Manuel II in 1415. The "Crocodile" pun made there is a single appearance and never appears in contemporary documents relating to this Krokodēlos Kladas. <ref> Seminar Classics-Mazaris, 84.12-12.</ref> The only contemporary document that can be directly tied to Krokodēlos Kladas as possible author is a carved inscription on a donation to a church in Karytaina. <ref> Feissel, pp. 353-354.</ref> He and his brothers are strongly praised in Venetian sources. <ref> For ex., see Sathas, Vol. 7, ##40, 41, 42. Barbarigo, passim.</ref> Kladas had been awarded a Venetian knighthood (and a gold robe) just before the 1480 revolt. <ref> Magno, p.220.</ref> Members of the family moved to [[Kefalonia]], and continued to lead ''stratioti'' in Venetian service for at least another hundred years. |
The Kladas family is known in records from the Morea since 1296 when a "''Corcondille''" managed to capture a [[Frangokratia|Frankish]]-held castle for the [[Byzantine]]s. <ref> Longnon, §§ 803-817. </ref> Members of the family made donations to a monastery at Mistra in 1366 and 1375. <ref> Miklosich & Muller, Vol. 1, 482. Beēs, 247-248.</ref> A Krokodeilos is identified as one of the rebels against the Emperor Manuel II in 1415. The "Crocodile" pun made there is a single appearance and never appears in contemporary documents relating to this Krokodēlos Kladas. <ref> Seminar Classics-Mazaris, 84.12-12.</ref> The only contemporary document that can be directly tied to Krokodēlos Kladas as possible author is a carved inscription on a donation to a church in Karytaina. <ref> Feissel, pp. 353-354.</ref> He and his brothers are strongly praised in Venetian sources. <ref> For ex., see Sathas, Vol. 7, ##40, 41, 42. Barbarigo, passim.</ref> Kladas had been awarded a Venetian knighthood (and a gold robe) just before the 1480 revolt. <ref> Magno, p.220.</ref> Members of the family moved to [[Kefalonia]], and continued to lead ''stratioti'' in Venetian service for at least another hundred years. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 21:51, 29 November 2010
Krokodeilos Kladas (Greek: Κροκόδειλος Κλαδάς), variously also Krokondeilos or Korkondelos, born about 1425, was a Greek military leader in the Morea (medieval Peloponnese) in the latter 15th century.[1]
Life
Kladas was a member of the prominent Kladas clan. When the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II took the Morea in 1460, Kladas handed over his castle of Agios Giorgios and was given in exchange the castle of Vardounia in Upper Mani and the territory of Elos.[2] By 1465 the Kladas brothers, Krokodēlos and Epifani, were leading bands of stratioti (warrior bands) on behalf of Venice against the Turks. They put Vardounia and their lands into Venetian possession, for which Epifani then acted as governor. The Kladas brothers were frequently complimented by Venetian officials, and received generous Venetian gifts. In 1477, they led the resistance that drove an Ottoman invading force out of Mani.[citation needed] Krokodēlos Kladas and his followers stood in the position of rebels against Mehmed, but the Venetian-Ottoman peace settlement, while giving them a full pardon, also returned territorial boundaries to what they had been in 1463, so this put the Venetian-Kladas land holdings back into Ottoman possession. Kladas moved to Venetian-held Koroni.
On October 9, 1480, Kladas led stratioti men from Koroni to attack Ottoman holdings in Mani. A number of Turks were killed. Both Ottomans and Venetians put a price on his head. This revolt was joined in December by stratioti from Nafplion led by Theodore Bua. An army sent by the Sultan was defeated between Passavas and Oitylo in February of 1481. Later that month, a larger force under Mohammed Bey drove Kladas to Porto Kagio where he was taken on board a Neapolitan galley, leaving his revolt to wither in his absence. A peaceful settlement of the revolt was negotiated by the Ottoman governor of the Morea and Venetian official Bartolomeo Minio. Meanwhile, Kladas went with a Neapolitan army to Albania to aid an anti-Ottoman revolt there. It is not known when he returned to Mani. He was captured in battle near Monemvasia in 1490 and flayed alive.[3]
Family
The Kladas family is known in records from the Morea since 1296 when a "Corcondille" managed to capture a Frankish-held castle for the Byzantines. [4] Members of the family made donations to a monastery at Mistra in 1366 and 1375. [5] A Krokodeilos is identified as one of the rebels against the Emperor Manuel II in 1415. The "Crocodile" pun made there is a single appearance and never appears in contemporary documents relating to this Krokodēlos Kladas. [6] The only contemporary document that can be directly tied to Krokodēlos Kladas as possible author is a carved inscription on a donation to a church in Karytaina. [7] He and his brothers are strongly praised in Venetian sources. [8] Kladas had been awarded a Venetian knighthood (and a gold robe) just before the 1480 revolt. [9] Members of the family moved to Kefalonia, and continued to lead stratioti in Venetian service for at least another hundred years.
References
- ^ M. Setton, Kenneth (1978). The Papacy and the Levant, Vol. 1. American Philosophical Society. p. 328, 551. ISBN 9789609890359.
- ^ Philippides-Sphrantzes, XL.9.
- ^ Kladas, p.11, quoting earlier testimony. Cited in Wright, Appendix 8.
- ^ Longnon, §§ 803-817.
- ^ Miklosich & Muller, Vol. 1, 482. Beēs, 247-248.
- ^ Seminar Classics-Mazaris, 84.12-12.
- ^ Feissel, pp. 353-354.
- ^ For ex., see Sathas, Vol. 7, ##40, 41, 42. Barbarigo, passim.
- ^ Magno, p.220.
Sources
- Barbarigo, Iacopo. 1466. "Dispacci," Sathas, Vol. 6, 1-92.
- Beēs, Nikos A. 1907. “Διοπθωσεις καὶ παρατηρησεις εν Μυστρα μονη τὴς τὴς Παναγίας τοῦ Βροντοχιοῦ,” Nea Siōn 5: 245ff.
- Feissel, Denis, & Anne Philippidis-Braat. 1985. “Inventaires en vue d’un recueil des inscriptions historiques de Byzance: III, Inscriptions du Péloponnèse,” Travaux et Mémoires 9: 273-371.
- Kladas, Count Yannis. 1872. Ἀρχαία Ἱστόρικα Γεγονότα τὴς Οἰκογενείας τῶν Κομετῶν Κλαδαίων ἀπὸ τὰ 1366 μέχρι 1803. Athens.
- Livre d'or de la noblesse ionienne. 1926. Vol. 2 (Céphalonie, premiére partie), 153-167, s.v. “Clada.” Athens.
- Longnon, J. 1949. Chronique de Morée: Livre de la conqueste de la princée de l’Amorée, 1204-1305. Paris.
- Magno, Stefano. XXXX. “Ėvénements historiques en Grèce (1479-1497),” Sathas, Vol.6, 215-243.
- Miklosich, Franz & Ioseph Müller. 1865. Acta et Diplomata Graeca Medii Aevi Sacra et Profana. Vol.1. Vienna.
- Philippides, Marios. 1980. The Fall of the Byzantine Empire: A Chronicle by George Sphrantzes (1401-1477). Amherst, MA.
- Sathas, Konstantine N. 1880-1890. Mnēmeia Ellēnikēs Istorias: Documents inédites rélatifs à l’histoire de la Grèce au moyen âge. 9V. Paris.
- Seminar Classics 609. 1975. Mazaris’ Journey to Hades. Buffalo, N.Y.
- Wright, Diana Gilliland. 1999. Bartolomeo Minio: Venetian administration in 15th-Century Nauplion. Doctoral dissertation, The Catholic University of America, Washington DC (Online Version - Chapter 4 in File 7; Appendices 5 & 8 in File 9).