Pamirid race: Difference between revisions
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[[File: Tajiksgrey.jpg|thumb|upright| Tajik People]] |
[[File: Tajiksgrey.jpg|thumb|upright|300px| Tajik People]] |
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'''Pamir-Fergana race''' (named by Yarkho in1933) —or a '''Race of Central Asian interfluvial''' (named by Oshanin in 1931) is a name, given by [[Russia|Russian]] anthropologists to the [[Central Asia|Central Asia]] [[Caucasian race|Europid]] race, characterized by [[Cephalic index|brachycephaly]] (short-head), short and broad face, dark pigmentation of eyes hair and skin. Nose is straight and as a rule, not prominent and this make Pamir-Ferganean faces gracile. |
'''Pamir-Fergana race''' (named by Yarkho in1933) —or a '''Race of Central Asian interfluvial''' (named by Oshanin in 1931) is a name, given by [[Russia|Russian]] anthropologists to the [[Central Asia|Central Asia]] [[Caucasian race|Europid]] race, characterized by [[Cephalic index|brachycephaly]] (short-head), short and broad face, dark pigmentation of eyes hair and skin. Nose is straight and as a rule, not prominent and this make Pamir-Ferganean faces gracile. |
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Representatives of this type are the [[Tajik_people|Tajiks]]. [[Uzbeks|Uzbeks]] are also classed in Pamir-Fergana race, but they have strong mongoloid admixture. This race was dominant in entire [[Central Asia|Central Asian]] region, beginning from the end of the 1st millennium BC and until migrations of the Turkic peoples, who were mongoloids. Mongoloid admixture |
Representatives of this type are the [[Tajik_people|Tajiks]]. [[Uzbeks|Uzbeks]] are also classed in Pamir-Fergana race, but they have strong mongoloid admixture. This race was dominant in entire [[Central Asia|Central Asian]] region, beginning from the end of the 1st millennium BC and until migrations of the Turkic peoples, who were mongoloids. Mongoloid admixture in small quantity, appears for the first time in [[Central Asia|Central Asian]] regions in the beginning of the 1st millennium BC. During the Early Middle Ages, mongoloid features increase with the expansion of the Turkic peoples. But the strongest influx of mongoloid blood happened in a period between 10th and 16th century A.D. with the expansion of many Turkic tribes into [[Central Asia|Central Asia]]. The last among them were “[[Uzbeks|Uzbeks]]”, who migrated into [[Central Asia|Central Asia]] in 16th century and who gave the name “[[Uzbeks|Uzbek]]” and their Turkic dialect to the local, already mixed peoples. According to [[Russia|Russian]] anthropologists, [[Caucasian race|Europid]] component dominates among [[Uzbeks|Uzbeks]], while mongoloid features are simply imposed on [[Caucasian race|Europid]], Pamir-Ferganean base. Light mongoloid admixture is also common among some of the Northern [[Tajik_people|Tajiks]] who live in the Fergana valley, while mountain [[Tajik_people|Tajiks]] are considered as classical representatives of the Pamir-Fergana type. |
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== Origin of the Pamir-Fergana Race == |
== Origin of the Pamir-Fergana Race == |
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[[File: Tajik12122.jpg|thumb|Tajik Family]] |
[[File: Tajik12122.jpg|thumb|Tajik Family]] |
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[[File: The Tajikss.JPG|thumb|left|Tajik People]] |
[[File: The Tajikss.JPG|thumb|left|Tajik People]] |
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Population of [[Central Asia|Central Asia]] was very eclectic in ancient times. First skulls, resembling Pamir-Fergana type, date back to the Bronze Age. This type became dominant in [[Central Asia|Central Asia]] with the expansion of Iranian tribes: [[Saka|Saka]] and later Yuezhi (among whom were the Wusuns). In the end of the 1st millennium BC, majority of |
Population of [[Central Asia|Central Asia]] was very eclectic in ancient times. First skulls, resembling Pamir-Fergana type, date back to the Bronze Age. This type became dominant in [[Central Asia|Central Asia]] with the expansion of Iranian tribes: [[Saka|Saka]] and later [[Yuezhi|Yuezhi]] (among whom were the [[Wusun|Wusuns]]). In the end of the 1st millennium BC, majority of * [[Khwarezm|Khwarezmian]] population was of Pamir-Fergana type. Pigmentation of the [[Tajik_people|Tajiks]] is dark, but among them, from time to time it is possible to find blond, blue eyed types. Blond hair, blue eyes and white skin make them resemble peoples from the Baltic republics or Germans. [[Tajik_people|Tajiks]] do naively believe, that this features are from Alexander the Great and his armies. Instead, these features remain from the ancient tribes like [[Paleoeuropeans | Yuezhi]] or [[Paleoeuropeans | Aryans]] ([[Andronovo culture|Andronovo]] people) |
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Origin of the Pamir-Fergana Race is debated. According to Ginzburg (1966), Pamir-Fergana Race was developed from intermix of the two other |
Origin of the Pamir-Fergana Race is debated. According to Ginzburg (1966), Pamir-Fergana Race was developed from intermix of the two other [[Central Asia|Central Asian]] types: the [[Paleoeuropeans|Andronovo]], which went through the process of gracilization, and a [[Central Asia|Central Asian]] variant of [[Paleoeuropeans |Mediterranean]] that became [[Cephalic index|brachycephalic]]. According to Andrianov (1969,1991), with the transition of [[Central Asia|Central Asian]] peoples from nomadic to agricultural lifestyle, here could go parallel processes of anthropological mixing, on the one hand, [[Cephalic index|brachycephalization]] and gracilization , on the other. According to Khodjaev (1981), Pamir-Fergana race has no ancient origin and is a result of intermix between different races. This combination was formed on the territory of [[Central Asia|Central Asia]], in its northern areas not earlier than the last centuries of the 1st millennium BC. |
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== Research by the Russian Anthropologists == |
== Research by the Russian Anthropologists == |
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[[File: Tajik Girlsasdaa.JPG|thumb|right| Young Tajik girl]] |
[[File: Tajik Girlsasdaa.JPG|thumb|right| Young Tajik girl]] |
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[[File:Tajik gir;sfd9.jpg|thumb|thumb|right|Tajik Girl]] |
[[File:Tajik gir;sfd9.jpg|thumb|thumb|right|Tajik Girl]] |
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| ⚫ | If the concept of a biological race has fallen out of favor within the scientific community in the West, in [[Russia|Russia]] research continues. Classification of [[Uzbeks|Uzbeks]] (who have mongoloid features) and [[Tajik_people|Tajiks]] into one Pamir-Ferganean race was justified by the fact, that [[Caucasian race|Europid]] component of [[Uzbeks|Uzbeks]] is the same as of the [[Tajik_people|Tajiks]], while Mongoloid features (which are common to [[Uzbeks|Uzbeks]]) are simply imposed on the dominating [[Caucasian race|Europid]], Pamir-Ferganean base of the [[Uzbeks|Uzbeks]]. However, recent analysis by the Russian anthropologists of [[Uzbeks|Uzbeks]] and [[Pamiri_people|Pamiri Tajiks]] showed, that even if exclude mongoloid features from [[Uzbeks|Uzbeks]], their [[Caucasian race|Europid]] component will be different from [[Caucasian race|Europid]] component of the [[Pamiri_people|Pamiri Tajiks]]. This only goes to show that Mountain [[Tajik_people|Tajiks]] and [[Uzbeks|Uzbeks]] share not the same, but different [[Caucasian race|Europid]] components. Analysis of anthropological materials from ancient [[Central Asia|Central Asia]] showed that [[Caucasian race|Europid]] population of the ancient Northern [[Central Asia|Central Asia]] was very eclectic and different from [[Caucasian race|Europids]] of Southern [[Central Asia|Central Asia]] and anthropological processes going in the ancient Northern and Southern [[Central Asia|Central Asia]] were independent and different from each other. According to Yablonski (2000): "We must assume that in the end of the 1st millennium BC, as a result of centuries of mixing processes among a wide variety of anthropological components, and above all, among descendants of hypomorphic, high-headed [[Caucasian race|Europids]] and descendants of meso-brachycephalic, mesomorphic [[Caucasian race|Europids]] with a slightly flattened facial skeleton the foundations for the plain version of the Pamir-Fergana race was created." Further development of the plain variant, was expressed in absorption of Mongoloid features by the plainsmen, beginning from the early Middle Ages. Because, both before and after influx of mongoloids, racial development of [[Cephalic index|brachycephalic]] [[Caucasian race|Europid]] population of the plain regions of [[Central Asia|Central Asia]] was different from [[Cephalic index|brachycephal]] [[Caucasian race|Europids]] of Mountain regions, Yablonski (2000) has offered an idea to rename "Pamir-Fergana" race into "Fergana race" and class in it [[Uzbeks|Uzbeks]] and [[Tajik_people|Tajiks]] who live in the [[Fergana_Valley|Ferghana valley]], while Mountain [[Tajik_people|Tajiks]] should be classed in the Caspian Race. |
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| ⚫ | If the concept of a biological race has fallen out of favor within the scientific community in the West, in [[Russia| |
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[[Category:Physical anthropology]] |
[[Category:Physical anthropology]] |
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Revision as of 01:04, 10 April 2010
Pamir-Fergana race (named by Yarkho in1933) —or a Race of Central Asian interfluvial (named by Oshanin in 1931) is a name, given by Russian anthropologists to the Central Asia Europid race, characterized by brachycephaly (short-head), short and broad face, dark pigmentation of eyes hair and skin. Nose is straight and as a rule, not prominent and this make Pamir-Ferganean faces gracile.
Representatives of this type are the Tajiks. Uzbeks are also classed in Pamir-Fergana race, but they have strong mongoloid admixture. This race was dominant in entire Central Asian region, beginning from the end of the 1st millennium BC and until migrations of the Turkic peoples, who were mongoloids. Mongoloid admixture in small quantity, appears for the first time in Central Asian regions in the beginning of the 1st millennium BC. During the Early Middle Ages, mongoloid features increase with the expansion of the Turkic peoples. But the strongest influx of mongoloid blood happened in a period between 10th and 16th century A.D. with the expansion of many Turkic tribes into Central Asia. The last among them were “Uzbeks”, who migrated into Central Asia in 16th century and who gave the name “Uzbek” and their Turkic dialect to the local, already mixed peoples. According to Russian anthropologists, Europid component dominates among Uzbeks, while mongoloid features are simply imposed on Europid, Pamir-Ferganean base. Light mongoloid admixture is also common among some of the Northern Tajiks who live in the Fergana valley, while mountain Tajiks are considered as classical representatives of the Pamir-Fergana type.
Origin of the Pamir-Fergana Race
Population of Central Asia was very eclectic in ancient times. First skulls, resembling Pamir-Fergana type, date back to the Bronze Age. This type became dominant in Central Asia with the expansion of Iranian tribes: Saka and later Yuezhi (among whom were the Wusuns). In the end of the 1st millennium BC, majority of * Khwarezmian population was of Pamir-Fergana type. Pigmentation of the Tajiks is dark, but among them, from time to time it is possible to find blond, blue eyed types. Blond hair, blue eyes and white skin make them resemble peoples from the Baltic republics or Germans. Tajiks do naively believe, that this features are from Alexander the Great and his armies. Instead, these features remain from the ancient tribes like Yuezhi or Aryans (Andronovo people) Origin of the Pamir-Fergana Race is debated. According to Ginzburg (1966), Pamir-Fergana Race was developed from intermix of the two other Central Asian types: the Andronovo, which went through the process of gracilization, and a Central Asian variant of Mediterranean that became brachycephalic. According to Andrianov (1969,1991), with the transition of Central Asian peoples from nomadic to agricultural lifestyle, here could go parallel processes of anthropological mixing, on the one hand, brachycephalization and gracilization , on the other. According to Khodjaev (1981), Pamir-Fergana race has no ancient origin and is a result of intermix between different races. This combination was formed on the territory of Central Asia, in its northern areas not earlier than the last centuries of the 1st millennium BC.
Research by the Russian Anthropologists
If the concept of a biological race has fallen out of favor within the scientific community in the West, in Russia research continues. Classification of Uzbeks (who have mongoloid features) and Tajiks into one Pamir-Ferganean race was justified by the fact, that Europid component of Uzbeks is the same as of the Tajiks, while Mongoloid features (which are common to Uzbeks) are simply imposed on the dominating Europid, Pamir-Ferganean base of the Uzbeks. However, recent analysis by the Russian anthropologists of Uzbeks and Pamiri Tajiks showed, that even if exclude mongoloid features from Uzbeks, their Europid component will be different from Europid component of the Pamiri Tajiks. This only goes to show that Mountain Tajiks and Uzbeks share not the same, but different Europid components. Analysis of anthropological materials from ancient Central Asia showed that Europid population of the ancient Northern Central Asia was very eclectic and different from Europids of Southern Central Asia and anthropological processes going in the ancient Northern and Southern Central Asia were independent and different from each other. According to Yablonski (2000): "We must assume that in the end of the 1st millennium BC, as a result of centuries of mixing processes among a wide variety of anthropological components, and above all, among descendants of hypomorphic, high-headed Europids and descendants of meso-brachycephalic, mesomorphic Europids with a slightly flattened facial skeleton the foundations for the plain version of the Pamir-Fergana race was created." Further development of the plain variant, was expressed in absorption of Mongoloid features by the plainsmen, beginning from the early Middle Ages. Because, both before and after influx of mongoloids, racial development of brachycephalic Europid population of the plain regions of Central Asia was different from brachycephal Europids of Mountain regions, Yablonski (2000) has offered an idea to rename "Pamir-Fergana" race into "Fergana race" and class in it Uzbeks and Tajiks who live in the Ferghana valley, while Mountain Tajiks should be classed in the Caspian Race.