Carbinoxamine: Difference between revisions

{{Short description|Chemical compound}}

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 460018216

| IUPAC_name = 2-[(4-Chlorophenyl)-pyridin-2-yl-methoxy]-''N'',''N''-<br>dimethyl-ethanamine

| tradename = Clistin, others

| legal_US_comment = 4 mg is FDA approved

|legal_status = OTC

| IUPHAR_ligand = 7139

| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}

| UNII = 982A7M02H5

| index2_label = maleate salt

| CAS_number2_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}

| CAS_number2 = 3505-38-2

| UNII2_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

| UNII2 = 02O55696WH

| C=16 | H=19 | Cl=1 | N=2 | O=1

<!-- Definition and medical uses -->

'''Carbinoxamine''' is an [[antihistamine]] and [[anticholinergic agent]]. It is used for [[hay fever]], vasomotor rhinitis, mild [[urticaria]], angioedema, dermatographism and allergic conjunctivitis. Carbinoxamine is a histamine antagonist, specifically an H1-antagonist. The maleic acid salt of the [[levorotatory]] isomer is sold as the prescription drug '''rotoxamine'''.

<!-- Society and culture -->

It was patented in 1947 and came into medical use in 1953.<ref name=Fis2006>{{cite book | vauthors = Fischer J, Ganellin CR |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9783527607495 |page=545 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA545 |language=en}}</ref> It was first launched in the United States by the [[McNeil Laboratories|McNeil Corporation]] under the brand name Clistin. Carbinoxamine is available in various countries around the world by itself, combined with decongestants such as pseudoephedrine, and also with other ingredients including paracetamol, aspirin, and codeine.

==Society and culture==

In June 2006 the FDA announced that more than 120 branded pharmacy products containing carbinoxamine were being illegally marketed and demanded they be removed from the marketplace. This action was precipitated by twenty-one reported deaths in children under the age of two who had been administered carbinoxamine-containing products. Despite the fact that the drug had not been studied in this age group, a multitude of OTC preparations containing carbinoxamine were being marketed for infants and toddlers. At present, all carbinoxamine-containing formulations are approved only for adults or children ages 3 or older.<ref>{{cite web | title = Questions and Answers about Unapproved Drugs and FDA's Enforcement Action Against Carbinoxamine Products | work = U.S. Food and Drug Administration | url = https://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation/enforcementactivitiesbyfda/selectedenforcementactionsonunapproveddrugs/ucm119635.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160307222912/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation/enforcementactivitiesbyfda/selectedenforcementactionsonunapproveddrugs/ucm119635.pdf | archive-date = 7 March 2016 }}</ref>

===Brand names===

Brand names include Clistin, Palgic, Rondec, Rhinopront, Ryvent.

==Side effects==

Continuous and/or cumulative use of [[anticholinergic]] medication, including first-generation antihistamines, is associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline and dementia in older people.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gray SL, Anderson ML, Dublin S, Hanlon JT, Hubbard R, Walker R, Yu O, Crane PK, Larson EB | display-authors = 6 | title = Cumulative use of strong anticholinergics and incident dementia: a prospective cohort study | journal = JAMA Internal Medicine | volume = 175 | issue = 3 | pages = 401–407 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25621434 | pmc = 4358759 | doi = 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.7663 | author5-link = Rebecca Hubbard }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Carrière I, Fourrier-Reglat A, Dartigues JF, Rouaud O, Pasquier F, Ritchie K, Ancelin ML | title = Drugs with anticholinergic properties, cognitive decline, and dementia in an elderly general population: the 3-city study | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 169 | issue = 14 | pages = 1317–1324 | date = July 2009 | pmid = 19636034 | pmc = 2933398 | doi = 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.229 }}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Carbinoxamine/pseudoephedrine]]

* [[Tofenacin]]

* [[Clemastine]]

* [[Captodiamine]]

{{Antihistamines}}

[[Category:Chlorobenzene derivatives]]

[[Category:2-Pyridyl compounds]]