Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation/VerifiedDataSandbox and Trimethylindium: Difference between pages

| verifiedrevid = 470615539

| PIN = Trimethylindium

| SystematicName = Trimethylindigane<ref>{{Cite web|title = Trimethylindium - PubChem Public Chemical Database|url = https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=76919&loc=ec_rcs|work = The PubChem Project|publisher = National Center for Biotechnology Information|at = Descriptors Computed from Structure|accessdate = 21 September 2011|location = USA|date = 27 March 2005}}</ref>

| OtherNames = Trimethylindane, indium trimethyl

|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers

| CASNo = 3385-78-2

| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

| UNII = WR722GMA7H

| PubChem = 76919

| ChemSpiderID = 69370

| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}

| EINECS = 222-200-9

| SMILES = C[In](C)C

| InChI = 1/3CH3.In/h3*1H3;/rC3H9In/c1-4(2)3/h1-3H3

| StdInChI = 1S/3CH3.In/h3*1H3;

| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| InChIKey = IBEFSUTVZWZJEL-SGQDGSKVAB

| StdInChIKey = IBEFSUTVZWZJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N

| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

|Section2={{Chembox Properties

| Formula = {{Chem|InC|3|H|9}}

| MolarMass = 159.922 g mol⁻¹

| Appearance = White, opaque crystals

| Density = 1.568 g cm⁻³ (at 20&nbsp;°C)

| MeltingPtC = 88

| BoilingPtC = 134

| BoilingPt_notes = (decomposes above {{convert|101|C|F K}})

| Solubility = Reacts

|Section3={{Chembox Thermochemistry

| DeltaHf = 150.5-169.7 kJ mol⁻¹

|Section4={{Chembox Hazards

| MainHazards = Pyrophoric

| GHSPictograms = {{GHS02}}{{GHS05}}

| GHSSignalWord = Danger

| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|250|260|261|314}}

| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|222|223|231+232|260|264|280|301+330+331|302+334|303+361+353|304+340|305+351+338|310|321|335+334|363|370+378|402+404|405|422|501}}

'''Trimethylindium''', often abbreviated to '''TMI''' or '''TMIn''', is the organoindium compound with the formula In(CH₃)₃. It is a colorless, [[pyrophoric]] solid.<ref name=IS>{{cite book |doi=10.1002/9780470132623.ch8|chapter=Trimethylindium and Trimethylgallium|year=1997|last1=Bradley|first1=D. C.|last2=Chudzynska|first2=H. C.|last3=Harding|first3=I. S.|title=Inorganic Syntheses |pages=67–74|volume=31|isbn=978-0-471-15288-0 }}</ref> Unlike [[trimethylaluminium]], but akin to [[trimethylgallium]], TMI is monomeric.<ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd|p=262}}</ref>

==Preparation==

TMI is prepared by the reaction of [[indium trichloride]] with [[methyl lithium]].<ref name=IS/><ref>''Main Group compounds'' in Inorganic Syntheses, vol 31, Schultz, Neumayer, Marks; Ed., Alan H. Cowley, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997, {{ISBN|0471152889}}</ref>

: InCl₃ + 3{{nbsp}}LiMe → Me₃In^.OEt₂ + 3{{nbsp}}LiCl

== Properties ==

Compared to [[trimethylaluminium]] and [[trimethylgallium]], InMe₃ is a weaker [[Lewis acid]]. It forms adducts with secondary [[amine]]s and [[phosphine]]s.<ref name="Jones&OBrien" /> A complex with the heterocyclic [[Hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine|triazine]] ligand (PrⁱNCH₂)₃ forms a complex with 6-coordinate In, where the C-In-C angles are 114°-117° with three long bonds to the tridentate ligand with N-In-N angles of 48.6° and long In-N bonds of 278 pm.<ref name="Greenwod&Earnshaw">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw|page=263}}</ref>

==Structure==

In the gaseous state InMe₃ is monomeric, with a trigonal planar structure, and in [[benzene]] solution it is tetrameric.<ref name = "Jones&OBrien">''CVD of compound semiconductors, Precursor Synthesis, Development and Applications'', Anthony C. Jones, Paul O'Brien, John Wiley & Sons, 2008, {{ISBN|3527292942}}</ref>

In the solid state there are two polymorphs, a tetragonal phase which is obtained, for example, by sublimation and a lower density rhombohedral phase discovered in 2005,<ref name="LewińskiZachara2005">{{cite journal|last1=Lewiński|first1=Janusz|last2=Zachara|first2=Janusz|last3=Starowieyski|first3=Kazimierz B.|last4=Justyniak|first4=Iwona|last5=Lipkowski|first5=Janusz|last6=Bury|first6=Wojciech|last7=Kruk|first7=Przemysław|last8=Woźniak|first8=Robert|title=A Second Polymorphic Form of Trimethylindium: Topology of Supramolecular Architectures of Group 13 Trimethyls|journal=Organometallics|volume=24|issue=20|year=2005|pages=4832–4837|issn=0276-7333|doi=10.1021/om050386s}}</ref> when InMe₃ re-crystallised from [[hexane]] solution.

In the tetragonal form InMe₃ is tetrameric as in benzene solution and there is bridging between tetramers to give an infinite network. Each indium atom is five coordinate, in a distorted [[Trigonal planar molecular geometry|trigonal planar]] configuration, the three shortest bonds,(ca. 216 pm ) are those in the equatorial plane, with longer axial bonds, 308 pm for the In-C bonds joining the InMe₃ units to form the tetramers and 356 pm for the In-C linking the tetramers into an infinite network.<ref name = "Houseman&Sharpe">''Inorganic Chemistry'', (2d edition), Catherine E. Housecroft, Alan G. Sharpe, Pearson Education, 2005, {{ISBN|0130399132}} , {{ISBN|978-0130399137}}</ref> The solid state structures of [[trimethylgallium|GaMe₃]] and [[trimethylthallium|TlMe₃]] are similar.<ref name = "Houseman&Sharpe"/> The association in the solid state accounts for the high melting point of 89°-89.8&nbsp;°C compared to [[triethylindium]] which melts at -32&nbsp;°C.<ref name = "Jones&OBrien"/>

The rhombohedral form of InMe₃ consists of cyclic hexamers with 12 membered (InC)₆ rings in an extended [[chair conformation]]. The hexamers are interlinked into an infinite network. Indium atoms are five coordinate the equatorial In-C distances average 216.7pm almost identical to the average for the tetragonal form, and the axial bonds are 302.8pm joining the InMe₃ units into hexamers and 313.4 pm linking the hexamers to form the infinite network.<ref name="LewińskiZachara2005"/>

==Application to microelectronics==

Indium is a component of several [[compound semiconductor]]s, including as InP, InAs, [[InN]], [[InSb]], [[GaInAs]], [[InGaN]], [[Aluminium gallium indium phosphide|AlGaInP]], AlInP, and AlInGaNP. These materials are prepared by [[metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy]] ([[MOVPE]]) and TMI is the preferred source for the [[indium]] component. High purity in TMI (99.9999% pure or greater) is essential for many of these applications. For some materials, electron mobilities are observed as high as 287,000&nbsp;cm²/Vs at 77 K and 5400&nbsp;cm²/Vs at 300 K, and background carrier concentration as low as 6×10¹³ cm⁻³.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/S0022-0248(02)01854-7 | title = Correlation of vapor pressure equation and film properties with trimethylindium purity for the MOVPE grown III–V compounds | year = 2003 | last1 = Shenai | first1 = Deo V. | last2 = Timmons | first2 = Michael L. | last3 = Dicarlo | first3 = Ronald L. | last4 = Lemnah | first4 = Gregory K. | last5 = Stennick | first5 = Robert S. | journal = Journal of Crystal Growth | volume = 248 | pages = 91–98| bibcode = 2003JCrGr.248...91S }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.09.006 | title = Correlation of film properties and reduced impurity concentrations in sources for III/V-MOVPE using high-purity trimethylindium and tertiarybutylphosphine | year = 2004 | last1 = Shenai | first1 = Deodatta V. | last2 = Timmons | first2 = Michael L. | last3 = Dicarlo | first3 = Ronald L. | last4 = Marsman | first4 = Charles J. | journal = Journal of Crystal Growth | volume = 272 | issue = 1–4 | pages = 603–608| bibcode = 2004JCrGr.272..603S }}</ref>

===Vapor pressure equation===

The [[vapor pressure]] equation log P (Torr) = 10.98–3204/T (K) describes TMI within a wide range of [[MOVPE]] growth conditions.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.11.196 | title = Accurate vapor pressure equation for trimethylindium in OMVPE | year = 2008 | last1 = Shenai-Khatkhate | first1 = Deodatta V. | last2 = Dicarlo | first2 = Ronald L. | last3 = Ware | first3 = Robert A. | journal = Journal of Crystal Growth | volume = 310 | issue = 7–9 | pages = 2395| bibcode = 2008JCrGr.310.2395S }}</ref>

==Safety==

TMI is [[pyrophoric]].<ref>Chemistry of Materials (2000); {{doi|10.1021/cm990497f}}</ref>

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==

* [http://osulibrary.oregonstate.edu/specialcollections/rnb/19/19-049-large.html Interesting research notes] by [[Linus Pauling]] in re: Trimethylindium and its structure; ''Notebook # 19, Page 049'', August 1955.

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018095008/http://electronicmaterials.rohmhaas.com/businesses/micro/metalorganics/vapor.asp?caid=291 Interactive Vapor Pressure Chart for metalorganics].

{{Indium compounds}}

[[Category:Chemical vapour deposition precursors]]

[[Category:Indium compounds]]

[[Category:Methyl complexes]]

[[Category:Pyrophoric materials]]