Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation/VerifiedDataSandbox and Selenium tetrafluoride: Difference between pages
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{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid [{{fullurl:Selenium_tetrafluoride|oldid=472458330}} 472458330] of page [[Selenium_tetrafluoride]] with values updated to verified values.}} |
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{{chembox |
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| verifiedrevid = 464388665 |
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| verifiedrevid = 477000495 |
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| ImageFile = Selenium-tetrafluoride-gas-3D-balls.png |
| ImageFile = Selenium-tetrafluoride-gas-3D-balls.png |
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| ImageSize = |
| ImageSize = |
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| IUPACName = |
| IUPACName = |
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| OtherNames = |
| OtherNames = |
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|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 109914 |
| ChemSpiderID = 109914 |
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| InChI = 1/F4Se/c1-5(2,3)4 |
| InChI = 1/F4Se/c1-5(2,3)4 |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = PMOBWAXBGUSOPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| StdInChIKey = PMOBWAXBGUSOPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite| |
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo = |
| CASNo = 13465-66-2 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| PubChem = 123311 |
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| UNII = 73U0ARO564 |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| PubChem = 123311 |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI = 30435 |
| ChEBI = 30435 |
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| SMILES = F[Se](F)(F)F |
| SMILES = F[Se](F)(F)F |
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}} |
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = SeF<sub>4</sub> |
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| MolarMass = 154.954 g/mol |
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| Appearance = colourless liquid |
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| Density = 2.77 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| MeltingPtC = -13.2 |
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| MeltingPt_notes = |
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| BoilingPt = 101 °C |
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| BoilingPtC = 101 |
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| BoilingPt_notes = |
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| Solubility = |
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}} |
}} |
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|Section7={{Chembox Hazards |
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| MainHazards = |
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| FlashPt = |
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| AutoignitionPt = |
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| NFPA-H = 3 |
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| {{NFPA 704}} |
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| NFPA-F = 0 |
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| NFPA-R = 2 |
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| NFPA-S = W |
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| NFPA-O = W |
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}} |
}} |
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|Section8={{Chembox Related |
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| OtherAnions = [[selenium dioxide]], [[selenium(IV) chloride]], [[selenium(IV) bromide]] |
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| OtherCations = [[sulfur tetrafluoride]], [[tellurium(IV) fluoride]] |
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| OtherCompounds = [[selenium difluoride]], [[selenium hexafluoride]] |
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'''Selenium tetrafluoride''' ([[Selenium|Se]][[Fluorine|F<sub>4</sub>]]) is an [[inorganic compound]]. It is a colourless liquid that reacts readily with water. It can be used as a fluorinating reagent in organic syntheses (fluorination of alcohols, carboxylic acids or carbonyl compounds) and has advantages over sulfur tetrafluoride in that milder conditions can be employed and it is a liquid rather than a gas. |
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==Synthesis== |
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The first reported synthesis of selenium tetrafluoride was by [[Paul Lebeau]] in 1907, who treated [[selenium]] with [[fluorine]]:<ref>{{cite journal |
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| title = Action of Fluorine on Selenium Tetrafluoride of Selenium |
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| author = [[Paul Lebeau]] |
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| journal = Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris |
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| year = 1907 |
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| volume = 144 |
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| issue = |
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| pages = 1042 |
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| doi = |
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}}</ref> |
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:Se + 2 F<sub>2</sub> → SeF<sub>4</sub> |
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A synthesis involving more easily handled reagents entails the fluorination of [[selenium dioxide]] with [[sulfur tetrafluoride]]:<ref>Konrad Seppelt, Dieter Lentz, Gerhard Klöter "Selenium Tetrafluoride, Selenium Difluoride Oxide (Seleninyl Fluoride), and Xenon Bis[Pentafluorooxoselenate(VI)]" ''Inorg. Synth.'', 1987, vol. 24, 27-31. {{doi|10.1002/9780470132555.ch9}}</ref> |
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:SF<sub>4</sub> + SeO<sub>2</sub> → SeF<sub>4</sub> + SO<sub>2</sub> |
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An intermediate in this reaction is seleninyl fluoride (SeOF<sub>2</sub>). |
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Other methods of preparation include fluorinating elemental selenium with [[chlorine trifluoride]]: |
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:3 Se + 4 ClF<sub>3</sub> → 3 SeF<sub>4</sub> + 2 Cl<sub>2</sub> |
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==Structure and bonding== |
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Selenium in SeF<sub>4</sub> has an oxidation state of +4. Its shape in the gaseous phase is similar to that of SF<sub>4</sub>, having a see-saw shape. [[VSEPR theory]] predicts a pseudo-trigonal pyramidal disposition of the five electron pairs around the selenium atom. The axial Se-F bonds are 177 [[picometre|pm]] with an F-Se-F bond angle of 169.2°. The two other fluorine atoms are attached by shorter bonds (168 pm), with an F-Se-F bond angle of 100.6°. In solution at low concentrations this monomeric structure predominates, but at higher concentrations evidence suggests weak association between SeF<sub>4</sub> molecules leading to a distorted octahedral coordination around the selenium atom. In the solid the selenium center also has a distorted octahedral environment. |
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==Reactions== |
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In [[hydrogen fluoride|HF]], SeF<sub>4</sub> behaves as a weak base, weaker than [[sulfur tetrafluoride]], SF<sub>4</sub> (K<sub>b</sub>= 2 X 10<sup>−2</sup>): |
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:SeF<sub>4</sub> + HF → SeF<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> + HF<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>; (K<sub>b</sub> = 4 X 10<sup>−4</sup>) |
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Ionic adducts containing the SeF<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> cation are formed with SbF<sub>5</sub>, AsF<sub>5</sub>, NbF<sub>5</sub>, TaF<sub>5</sub>, and BF<sub>3</sub>.<ref>{{cite journal |
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| title = Selenium tetrafluoride adducts. II. Adducts with boron trifluoride and some pentafluorides |
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| author1 = R. J. Gillespie |
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| author2 = A. Whitla |
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| journal = Can. J. Chem. |
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| year = 1970 |
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| volume = 48 |
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| issue = 4 |
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| pages = 657–663 |
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| doi = 10.1139/v70-106 |
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| doi-access = free |
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}}</ref> |
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With [[caesium fluoride]], CsF, the SeF<sub>5</sub><sup>−</sup> anion is formed, which has a square pyramidal structure similar to the isoelectronic [[chlorine pentafluoride]], ClF<sub>5</sub> and [[bromine pentafluoride]], BrF<sub>5</sub>.<ref>{{cite journal |
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| title = Vibrational Spectra and Force Constants of the Square-Pyramidal Anions SF<sub>5</sub><sup>−</sup>, SeF<sub>5</sub><sup>−</sup>, and TeF<sub>5</sub><sup>−</sup> |
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|author1=K. O. Christe |author2=E. C. Curtis |author3=C. J. Schack |author4=D. Pilipovich | journal = Inorganic Chemistry |
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| year = 1972 |
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| volume = 11 |
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| issue = 7 |
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| pages = 1679–1682 |
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| doi =10.1021/ic50113a046 |
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}}</ref> |
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With 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylpiperidinium fluoride or 1,2-dimethylpropyltrimethylammonium fluoride, the SeF<sub>6</sub><sup>2−</sup> anion is formed. This has a distorted octahedral shape which contrasts to the regular octahedral shape of the analogous SeCl<sub>6</sub><sup>2−</sup>. |
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<ref>{{cite journal |
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| title = Reactions of the Naked Fluoride Ion: Syntheses and Structures of SeF<sub>6</sub><sup>2−</sup> and BrF<sub>6</sub><sup>−</sup> |
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|author1=Ali Reza Mahjoub |author2=Xiongzhi Zhang |author3=Konrad Seppelt | journal = Chemistry: A European Journal |
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| year = 1995 |
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| volume = 1 |
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| issue = 4 |
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| pages = 261–265 |
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| doi = 10.1002/chem.19950010410 |
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| doi-access = free}}</ref> |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{refbegin}} |
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* ''Selenium: Inorganic Chemistry'' Krebs. B., Bonmann S., Eidenschink I.; Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry (1994) John Wiley and Sons {{ISBN|0-471-93620-0}} |
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{{refend}} |
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<!-- *{{cite journal |
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| title = On selenium tetrafluoride |
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|author1=Edmund Brydges Rudhall Prideaux |author2=Charles Beresford Cox |
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|name-list-style=amp | journal = [[Journal of the Chemical Society]] |
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| year = 1928 |
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| pages = 1603 |
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| doi = 10.1039/JR9280001603 |
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}} |
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*{{cite journal |
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| title = The preparation and properties of selenium tetrafluoride and oxyfluoride |
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| author = E. E. Aynsley, R. D. Peacock and P. L. Robinson |
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| journal = [[Journal of the Chemical Society]] |
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| year = 1952 |
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| volume = |
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| issue = |
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| pages = 1231 |
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| doi = 10.1039/JR9520001231 |
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}} |
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*{{cite journal |
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| title = Some properties of selenium tetrafluoride |
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| author = R. D. Peacock |
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| journal = [[Journal of the Chemical Society]] |
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| year = 1953 |
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| volume = |
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| issue = |
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| pages = 3617 |
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| doi = 10.1039/JR9530003617 |
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}} |
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*{{cite journal |
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| title = Structure of Selenium Tetrafluoride |
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| author = H. J. M. Bowen |
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| journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |
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| year = 1953 |
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| volume = 172 |
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| issue = 4369 |
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| pages = 131–172 |
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| doi = 10.1038/172171a0 |
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}} |
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*{{cite journal |
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| title = Structure of Selenium Tetrafluoride |
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| author = F. Lachman |
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| journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |
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| year = 1953 |
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| volume = 172 |
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| issue = 4376 |
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| pages = 467–510 |
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| doi = 10.1038/172499a0 |
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}} |
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*{{cite journal |
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| title = Investigation by electron diffraction of the molecular structures of sulphur hexafluoride, sulphur tetrafluoride, selenium hexafluoride and selenium tetrafluoride |
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|author1=V. C. Ewing |author2=L. E. Sutton | journal = Transactions of the Faraday Society |
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| year = 1963 |
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| volume = 59 |
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| issue = |
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| pages = 1241 |
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| doi = 10.1039/TF9635901241 |
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}} |
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--> |
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==See also== |
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*[[Selenium hexafluoride]] |
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*[[Sulfur tetrafluoride]] |
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*[[Tellurium tetrafluoride]] |
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==External links== |
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* [http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C13465662 WebBook page for SeF4] |
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{{Selenium compounds}} |
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{{fluorine compounds}} |
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[[Category:Fluorides]] |
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[[Category:Selenium(IV) compounds]] |
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[[Category:Fluorinating agents]] |
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[[Category:Chalcohalides]] |
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[[Category:Selenium halides]] |
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[[Category:Substances discovered in the 1900s]] |