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'''Taleh''' ({{lang-so|Taleex}}, {{lang-ar|تالح}}) is a historical Somali town in the eastern [[Sool, Somalia|Sool]] region of [[Somaliland|Somaliland]].<ref name="Staros">[http://www.statoids.com/uso.html Regions of Somalia]</ref> It served as the headquarters of the pre-independence [[Dervish State]].<ref name="Laurence">Laurence, p.47.</ref> The town is sometimes referred to as the "Capital of the Sayyid"<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/?id=EIxAvWE5FNMC&pg=PA229&dq=dervish+capital+taleh#v=onepage&q=dervish%20capital%20taleh&f=false |title = The World's Most Dangerous Place: Inside the Outlaw State of Somalia|isbn = 9781446487051|last1 = Fergusson|first1 = James|date = 2013-01-17}}</ref> or referring to the founder of the Dervish state, [[Mohammed Abdullah Hassan]]. The colonial era character of the town is described in the poem ''[[Annagoo Taleex naal]]''.<ref>Research in African Literatures - Volume 11, Issue 4 - 1980, PAGE 462</ref> |
'''Taleh''' ({{lang-so|Taleex}}, {{lang-ar|تالح}}) is a historical Somali town in the eastern [[Sool, Somalia|Sool]] region of [[Somaliland|Somaliland]].<ref name="Staros">[http://www.statoids.com/uso.html Regions of Somalia]</ref> It served as the headquarters of the pre-independence [[Dervish State]].<ref name="Laurence">Laurence, p.47.</ref> The town is sometimes referred to as the "Capital of the Sayyid"<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/?id=EIxAvWE5FNMC&pg=PA229&dq=dervish+capital+taleh#v=onepage&q=dervish%20capital%20taleh&f=false |title = The World's Most Dangerous Place: Inside the Outlaw State of Somalia|isbn = 9781446487051|last1 = Fergusson|first1 = James|date = 2013-01-17}}</ref> or referring to the founder of the Dervish state, [[Mohammed Abdullah Hassan]]. The colonial era character of the town is described in the poem ''[[Annagoo Taleex naal]]''.<ref>Research in African Literatures - Volume 11, Issue 4 - 1980, PAGE 462</ref> |
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The [[Dalyare fort]] and the Taleh complex are among the least disfigured Darawiish era structures remaining, which in an April 1920 letter to the then ''Governatori della Somalia'' (Italian Somali governor) were defined by the Sayid as ''Dhulbahante forts''.<ref name="caroselli"/> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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{{main article|Dervish State}} |
{{main article|Dervish State}} |
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===Dhulbahante forts=== |
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[[File:The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-8-36.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Overview of Hassan's fort]] |
[[File:The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-8-36.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Overview of Hassan's fort]] |
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Taleh is home to several historic |
Taleh is home to several historic structures dating to the Darawiish era which were dubbed as ''Dhulbahnate forts'' by the Sayid.<ref name="caroselli"/> Of these, there are five forts erected by [[Mohammed Abdullah Hassan]]'s former [[Dervish State]] in present-day [[Sool, Somalia|Sool]] and [[Sanaag]]. Constructed between 1910 and 1915, most of the edifices are concentrated in the Sanaag & Sool region, including [[Dalyare fort]], Jida Ali, Midhisho, Shimbir Bariis and Badhan. Taleh/Taleex is the largest of the structures. It was built around a collection of Dervish tombs, the earliest of which belongs to Sultan [[Nur Ahmed Aman]] and Carro Seed Magan, the Dervish leader Hassan's mother. From 1910 to 1912, the Dervish constructed the main fort around the older tombs. They spent the next two years in the mountainous regions of Sanaag building three more smaller forts.<ref name="The Geographical Journal 1931 pp. 125-128">The Geographical Journal, Vol. 78, No. 2 (Aug., 1931), pp. 125-128</ref> |
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[[Maxamuud Xoosh Cigaal]] was the last Darawiish man to be resident at the Taleh fort,<ref> Taariikhdii daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamad Cabdille Xasan, Jaamac Cumar Ciise · 2005 , PAGE 325</ref> whilst the six-year old [[Jaamac Biixi Kidin]] was the last person in the fort overall.<ref> Darwiish Jaamac Biixi Kidin Oo Maanta Ku Geeriyoodey Magaalada Garoowe. Written by Asad Cadaani Ibraahim Saturday, 01 August 2009</ref> |
[[Maxamuud Xoosh Cigaal]] was the last Darawiish man to be resident at the Taleh fort,<ref> Taariikhdii daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamad Cabdille Xasan, Jaamac Cumar Ciise · 2005 , PAGE 325</ref> whilst the six-year old [[Jaamac Biixi Kidin]] was the last person in the fort overall.<ref> Darwiish Jaamac Biixi Kidin Oo Maanta Ku Geeriyoodey Magaalada Garoowe. Written by Asad Cadaani Ibraahim Saturday, 01 August 2009</ref> |
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A 1931 diary-book by former Italian Somalia governor [[Francesco Caroselli]] notes an April 1920 letter by the Sayid to the then Italian-Somalia governor which states the Taleh fort was one of 27 forts built by Darawiish and that they're designated as Dhulbahante forts.<ref>Ferro e Fuoco in Somalia, da Francesco Saverio Caroselli, Rome, 1931; p. 272.</ref> |
A 1931 diary-book by former Italian Somalia governor [[Francesco Caroselli]] notes an April 1920 letter by the Sayid to the then Italian-Somalia governor which states the Taleh fort was one of 27 forts built by Darawiish and that they're designated as Dhulbahante forts.<ref name="caroselli">Ferro e Fuoco in Somalia, da Francesco Saverio Caroselli, Rome, 1931; p. 272.</ref> |
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{{Verse translation |
{{Verse translation |
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|Gl’Inglesi che sapevano questo ci son piombati addosso con tutta la gente e con sei volatili (aeroplani). Per tal fatto ci siamo sabandati e non c’e’ stato piu’ accordo fra di noi: i Dulbohanta nella maggior parte si sono arresi agli inglesi c han loro consegnato ventisette garese case) ricolme di fucili, munizioni e danaro |
|Gl’Inglesi che sapevano questo ci son piombati addosso con tutta la gente e con sei volatili (aeroplani). Per tal fatto ci siamo sabandati e non c’e’ stato piu’ accordo fra di noi: i Dulbohanta nella maggior parte si sono arresi agli inglesi c han loro consegnato ventisette garese case) ricolme di fucili, munizioni e danaro ... E ora diciamo ... desideriamo tu faccia qualcosa per noi nel senso di intervenire fra noi e gli inglesi per restituirci le nostre famiglie, figili, beni, terrtori. E cosi c’impegnamo sopra la nostra anima di stare in pace, tranquilli e di non disturbare mai piu’ le altre genti ee prenderemo la te la bandiera ... Saluti |
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| The English |
| The English knew about our situation and yet pounced upon us with all their men and with six birds (airplanes). Because of this, we scattered and dispersed as there was no longer an agreement between us: most of the Dhulbahante tribe surrendered to the British who confiscated from them twenty-seven towering forts full of rifles, ammunition and money ... As such ... we request from you, ... to become mediators between ourselves and the British, as we aspire that they restore to us our stolen families, our stolen children, our stolen wealth, and our stolen territory; in this way we may enter into equitable cooperation of peace and tranquility, such that we remain quiescent, and that we take your flag. Greetings.}} |
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===1919–1920=== |
===1919–1920=== |
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Revision as of 16:56, 8 February 2021
Taleh
Taleex تالح | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 Mohammed Abdullah Hassan's fort in Taleh. | |
.svg)  Taleh Location in Somaliland | |
| Coordinates: 9°8′51″N 48°25′15″E / 9.14750°N 48.42083°E | |
| Country |  Somaliland |
| Region | Sool |
| District | Taleh |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |
Taleh (Somali: Taleex, Arabic: تالح) is a historical Somali town in the eastern Sool region of Somaliland.[1] It served as the headquarters of the pre-independence Dervish State.[2] The town is sometimes referred to as the "Capital of the Sayyid"[3] or referring to the founder of the Dervish state, Mohammed Abdullah Hassan. The colonial era character of the town is described in the poem Annagoo Taleex naal.[4]
The Dalyare fort and the Taleh complex are among the least disfigured Darawiish era structures remaining, which in an April 1920 letter to the then Governatori della Somalia (Italian Somali governor) were defined by the Sayid as Dhulbahante forts.[5]
History
Dhulbahante forts
Taleh is home to several historic structures dating to the Darawiish era which were dubbed as Dhulbahnate forts by the Sayid.[5] Of these, there are five forts erected by Mohammed Abdullah Hassan's former Dervish State in present-day Sool and Sanaag. Constructed between 1910 and 1915, most of the edifices are concentrated in the Sanaag & Sool region, including Dalyare fort, Jida Ali, Midhisho, Shimbir Bariis and Badhan. Taleh/Taleex is the largest of the structures. It was built around a collection of Dervish tombs, the earliest of which belongs to Sultan Nur Ahmed Aman and Carro Seed Magan, the Dervish leader Hassan's mother. From 1910 to 1912, the Dervish constructed the main fort around the older tombs. They spent the next two years in the mountainous regions of Sanaag building three more smaller forts.[6]
Maxamuud Xoosh Cigaal was the last Darawiish man to be resident at the Taleh fort,[7] whilst the six-year old Jaamac Biixi Kidin was the last person in the fort overall.[8]
A 1931 diary-book by former Italian Somalia governor Francesco Caroselli notes an April 1920 letter by the Sayid to the then Italian-Somalia governor which states the Taleh fort was one of 27 forts built by Darawiish and that they're designated as Dhulbahante forts.[5]
Gl’Inglesi che sapevano questo ci son piombati addosso con tutta la gente e con sei volatili (aeroplani). Per tal fatto ci siamo sabandati e non c’e’ stato piu’ accordo fra di noi: i Dulbohanta nella maggior parte si sono arresi agli inglesi c han loro consegnato ventisette garese case) ricolme di fucili, munizioni e danaro ... E ora diciamo ... desideriamo tu faccia qualcosa per noi nel senso di intervenire fra noi e gli inglesi per restituirci le nostre famiglie, figili, beni, terrtori. E cosi c’impegnamo sopra la nostra anima di stare in pace, tranquilli e di non disturbare mai piu’ le altre genti ee prenderemo la te la bandiera ... Saluti |
The English knew about our situation and yet pounced upon us with all their men and with six birds (airplanes). Because of this, we scattered and dispersed as there was no longer an agreement between us: most of the Dhulbahante tribe surrendered to the British who confiscated from them twenty-seven towering forts full of rifles, ammunition and money ... As such ... we request from you, ... to become mediators between ourselves and the British, as we aspire that they restore to us our stolen families, our stolen children, our stolen wealth, and our stolen territory; in this way we may enter into equitable cooperation of peace and tranquility, such that we remain quiescent, and that we take your flag. Greetings. |
1919–1920
In 1919–1920, the British bombarded the Sanaag forts, where most of the Dervish had operated since 1913. Having destroyed the structures and driven out Hassan's men to Taleh in 1920, they finally attacked the town, assisted by horsemen and Somali personalities. The settlement was bombarded by the Royal Air Force on 4 February and taken days later, with the British having defeated the last pockets of Dervish resistance.[9] Among the casualties at Taleh were Ibrahim Buqul and Haji Sudi. The former was the commander of the Dervish at Taleh, and the latter was a long-standing member of the movement according to Douglas Jardin (1923) and Henry Rayne (1921). Another Dervish leader, Yusuf Xayle, was captured alive and later executed by former Dervish Abdi Dhere, who had defected to the opposition in 1919. Hassan himself managed to escape to the Ogaden, where his Dervishes were later routed in a 1921 raid led by the clan leader Haji Warabe.[10]
Taleh forts
Although the term Taleh or Taleex is often used to describe the entire Dervish fort complex in the town, it more strictly applies to only one of the structures in a four-part compound. The latter complex includes Falat, Silsilad, Dar Ilaalo and Taleh.
The main fortress, Silsilat, is about 350 feet long by 300 feet broad. The two buildings next in importance are Dar llalo, the look-out tower, some 50 feet high, built on the top of a hillock close behind Silsilat, and Taleh (in a restricted sense) of similar height, built on lower ground to the east.[6]
Demographics
The broader Taleh District has a total population of 45,354 residents, with the Dhulbahante as the native people of the land[11]
Climate
| Climate data for Taleh | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.5 (85.1) |
30.3 (86.5) |
31.9 (89.4) |
33.2 (91.8) |
34.0 (93.2) |
32.9 (91.2) |
31.9 (89.4) |
32.6 (90.7) |
34.0 (93.2) |
32.7 (90.9) |
31.1 (88.0) |
29.7 (85.5) |
32.0 (89.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 14.0 (57.2) |
15.1 (59.2) |
16.2 (61.2) |
19.1 (66.4) |
20.8 (69.4) |
21.4 (70.5) |
21.4 (70.5) |
21.1 (70.0) |
21.0 (69.8) |
18.6 (65.5) |
15.6 (60.1) |
14.9 (58.8) |
18.3 (64.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 1 (0.0) |
1 (0.0) |
3 (0.1) |
19 (0.7) |
39 (1.5) |
3 (0.1) |
1 (0.0) |
1 (0.0) |
10 (0.4) |
24 (0.9) |
7 (0.3) |
2 (0.1) |
111 (4.1) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org | |||||||||||||
Education
Taleh has a number of academic institutions. According to the Somaliland Ministry of Education, there are eight primary schools in the Taleh District. Among these are Kalad, Labas, Aroley and Halin.
Notable residents
- Abdisamad Ali Shire – former Vice President of Puntland
- Abdihakim Abdullahi Haji Omar – current Vice President of Puntland
- Saado Ali Warsame – a Somali singer-songwriter and former politician
Notes
- ^ Regions of Somalia
- ^ Laurence, p.47.
- ^ Fergusson, James (2013-01-17). The World's Most Dangerous Place: Inside the Outlaw State of Somalia. ISBN 9781446487051.
- ^ Research in African Literatures - Volume 11, Issue 4 - 1980, PAGE 462
- ^ a b c Ferro e Fuoco in Somalia, da Francesco Saverio Caroselli, Rome, 1931; p. 272.
- ^ a b The Geographical Journal, Vol. 78, No. 2 (Aug., 1931), pp. 125-128
- ^ Taariikhdii daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamad Cabdille Xasan, Jaamac Cumar Ciise · 2005 , PAGE 325
- ^ Darwiish Jaamac Biixi Kidin Oo Maanta Ku Geeriyoodey Magaalada Garoowe. Written by Asad Cadaani Ibraahim Saturday, 01 August 2009
- ^ The Times, 18 February 1920, p. 9 and Illustrated London News and the Sphere, both of 17 April 1920
- ^ Douglas Jardine, 'The Mad Mullah of Somaliland.' 8vo. London 1923.
- ^ "Regions, districts, and their populations: Somalia 2005 (draft)" (PDF). UNDP. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
References
- Laurence, Margaret; Nora Foster Stovel (2003). Heart of a stranger. University of Alberta. ISBN 9780888644077.
- Taleex