Turanid race

File:Pamirid.JPG

Pamirid Tajiks

File:Predominantly turanid-Pamirid uzbeks.JPG

Predominantly Pamirid Uzbeks

File:Aralid uzbeks.JPG

Aralid Uzbeks.In addition to the Europid Pamirid base, mongoloid features increase from top to the bottom

Turanid race is a synonym of Pamirid race and is a Europid race, which is dominant in the Southern part of Central Asia.

German anthropologist Egon von Eickstedt differed in Turanid race: Pamirid race and Aralid race. Together Aralid and Pamirid form the Turanid race. In its pure, unmixed form, Turanid is a Pamirid and is fully Europid, while in mixed form with mongolids, Turanid is called Aralid.

Pamirid race is a synonym and a basic form of Turanid. This fully Europid form is common to the Tajiks. Some of the Pamirids have features, which put them close to the Alpine race (Central Europeans brown haired, brachycephalic race), while others have Dinaric or Armenoid features. Turanid/Pamirid race was dominant in Central Asia before expansion of mongoloids.

Turanid/ Pamirid mixed with mongoloid is know as Aralid. Aralids are Europid-Mongolid hybrids and Turanid/ Pamirid is their Europid base. Aralid type is common to Uzbeks, Kazakhs and Kyrgyzs. Europid base is strongest and dominate among most of Uzbeks, while mongoloid elements dominate in Kyrgyzs and Kazakhs. Kyrgyzs are more mongoloid than Kazakhs, but both have Europid admixture that make them different from nearby living Mongols or Burayts.

In the Soviet Union, the name “Pamir-Fergana race” was used to describe fully Europid Pamirid type of the Turanid (as well as slightly mixed Pamirid type, which is common to Uzbeks). While mixed Turanid, which is known as “Aralid”, was called- “South Siberian race”

In the South of Central Asia, Turkmen are different from such brachycephalic (short-headed) Europid-Mongolid hybrid people like Uzbeks. Turkmen being Europid-Mongolid hybrids are characteristically dolichocephalic (long-headed)- feature they inherited from nearby living Europid Iranians (Orientalid (Iranid), according to von Eickstedt .)

Turanid as Europid-Mongolid hybrid

G. Montandon, Keith and Egon von Eickstedt described Turanid as a fully Europid type. Despite the fact that the term Turanid means fully Europid race of Central Asia (Pamirids) and only in mixed form with mongoloid it becomes a hybrid Aralid race, many scholars used the term “Turanid” to describe Europid-Mongolid hybrids. Saying in other words, many scholars used the term “Turanid” as a synonym of von Eickstedt’s “Aralid”. Moreover, if the term Turanid (and its derivatives- Pamirid and Aralid) was used to describe peoples of Central Asian region only, many scholars used this term to describe hybrid peoples all over the world. This created a huge confusion and a terminological chaos in the international scientific literature.

From Ilse Schwidetzky, Grundlagen der Rassensystematik (Mannheim - Vienna - Zürich 1974), p. 120-122:

Also at the most eastern wing of the European brachymorphics in Asia, there are more differences in terminology than in classification, and this confuse the picture: DENIKER spoke first of a "type touranien". He renamed it later in “Race Turko-Tatar”, with Kazakhs and Uzbeks in Turkestan as main representatives, and he placed them to the Mongolids, however with approximation to the Europids. MONTADON (1933) describes them even more emphasized as Europid-Mongolid intermediate race. Meanwhile GIUFFRIDA-RUGGERI (1912, 1921) had pointed out that the south of Turkestan was purely Europid, and he seperated here a “Pamir race”. 1937 then v. EICKSTEDT divided the Turanids in a more Mongolid northern form (Aralids) and a more Europid southern form (Pamirids); but after a more stronger working out of the differences between the Mongolid north and the Europid south of Turkestan the name Turanids went to the Europid form (SCHWIDETZKY 1950), while for the Mongolid populations of Turkestan no new systematic group was made up. (v. EICKSTEDT 1952). Hungarian and other anthropologists however kept the name Turanid for the Mongolid-Europid mixed populations of central Asia (LIPTAK 1955). For the south Turkestanic Europids also the name “Pamir-Fergana race” (YARKHO 1933) is in use, and the Russian anthropologists use today the a bit lengthy name Central Asian Interfluvial type (comp. GINZBURG, 1966), while the different Latin naming didn't become adopted, just as at other subspecies. They shall be named here just as an example of the terminological chaos which exists because of double and multiple naming in many cases in raceology of man: Homo sapiens indoeuropaeus, var. oxianojaxartensis (OSHANIN); Homo sapiens indoeuropaeus var. turkestanica centralis, subvar. iranoides brachycephalica (OSHANIN); Homo sapiens indoeuropaeus var. pamiro ferganica (YARKHO 1933); Homo sapiens indoeuropaeus brachymorphus pamiriensis (GIUFFRIDA-RUGGERI 1912), Homo sapiens europaeus pamiriensis (v. EICKSTEDT 1937). N. B. According to the rules of nomenclature, there are in fact trinary names designated for subspecies (e. g. homo sapiens europaeus), but no further additions for the naming of infrasubspecifical categories. Thus all of these Latin names cannot claim validity in the sense of nomenclature rules.

See also

• Paleoeuropeans
• Yaghnobi people
• Pamir-Fergana race
• Turanian
• Iranid
• Turanian Society
• Turanism