User:BSchilling/RacismHealth

Social determinants of health

Institutional racism in the healthcare system

Automatic White bias in medical education

Only White people could go to medical school and practice medicine.

Still majority white doctors

In-group empathy

Racial Bias

Legacy of slavery and colonialism in medical education

Black people feeling pain

Higher prevalences of diseases being treated as natural

See also: Slavery hypertension hypothesis

Things that are actually taught at medical school

Anti-racism movement in medical system

Social determinants of health

Resources

Income

Racism

Health outcomes of experiencing even subtle acts of racism: increased risk of heart disease, clinical depression, LBW infants, poor sleep, obesity, mortality https://healthequity.globalpolicysolutions.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/RacismasSDOH.pdf

Documented among AA, Arab Americans, Asian Americans, Latinos, Native Americans

Insurance

Types of jobs that provide health insurance - who holds them?

66% White, 46% black, 41% Latin, 36% AI/AN covered by employee-sponsored health insurance https://www.americanbar.org/groups/crsj/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/health-matters-in-elections/racial-and-ethnic-disparities-in-employer-sponsored-health-coverage/

Black people most likely to fall into Medicaid gap (income too high for Medicaid eligibility but not high enough to take advantage of subsidies under marketplace plans

Insurance is a barrier to preventative care, disease management, screenings, access to prescriptions

Uninsured rated by race/ethnicity (2018): https://www.kff.org/uninsured/state-indicator/rate-by-raceethnicity/?currentTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D

White: 8%

Black: 11%

Hispanic: 19%

Asian/NH/PI: 7%

AI/AN: 22%

Multiple races: 8%

Housing

People of color over-represented among homeless population. (ref). Homelessness creates barriers to care: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK218231/

Connection between homelessness and health https://nhchc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/homelessness-and-health.pdf

Homelessness complicates healthcare access: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK218236/

Distance from doctor

Income

Incarceration

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in incarceration: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3546523/

Homelessness among Native American populations:

Disproportionately high: https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/HNAIHousingNeeds.pdf

https://www.npr.org/2018/07/21/631089441/grappling-with-native-american-homelessness

African Americans: Disproportionately high homelessness: https://nhchc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/health-homelessness-and-racial-disparities.pdf

https://nlihc.org/resource/study-finds-significant-racial-disparities-homelessness-rates

https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2019/03/29/a-pileup-of-inequities-why-people-of-color-are-hit-hardest-by-homelessness