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12BV7

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12BV7
General Electric 12BY7A vacuum tube (note equivalency markings)
ClassificationPentode
ServiceTV & Radio
Height2+5⁄8 in (67 mm)
Diameter7⁄8 in (22 mm)
Cathode
Cathode typeIndirectly Heated (Coated Unipotential)
Heater voltageSeries / Parallel
12.6 V / 6.3 V
Heater currentSeries / Parallel
300 mA / 600 mA
Anode
Max dissipation Watts6.5 W
Max voltage300 V
Socket connections
9BF

Pin 1, Cathode
Pin 2, Grid 1
Pin-3, Internal Shield / Grid 3 (Suppressor)
Pin-4, Heater
Pin-5, Heater
Pin-6, Heater Center Tap
Pin-7, Plate
Pin-8, Grid 2 (Screen)

Pin-9, Internal Shield / Grid 3 (Suppressor)
Typical class-A amplifier operation
Amplification factor28.5
Anode voltage250 V
Anode current26 mA
Screen voltage180 V
References
http://www.datasheetarchive.com/12BV7-datasheet.html

The 12BV7, 12BY7, 12BY7A, and equivalents were a class of medium-low gain, pentode vacuum tube amplifiers using the Noval socket configuration. Although originally marketed as pentode tubes for use in early television receivers, they found additional uses in audio and radiotelephone equipment. The series shares the EIA 9BF pinout with a number of other miniature pentode tubes of the era.

The most successful[citation needed] tube in this series, 12BY7A was introduced by General Electric in June 1955[1] as a demodulated video signal amplifier for television receivers. Its design specifications called for linear gain along a wide bandwidth (approximately 4 MHz) with low transconductance (13 Millimhos (Millisiemens)) and high sensitivity. This combination of sensitivity, bandwidth and price lead to its popularity in audio amplification systems during the tube era.[citation needed]

Functional equivalents

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Like other vacuum tubes of US and Japanese manufacture, the RETMA tube designation system was used to designate identical tubes across different manufacturers. Any variations from the original electrical design specifications required a change to the tube designation code. As a result, a number of cross-reference resources exist.[1][2] In some cases, multiple tube designation numbers were marked on the tube itself.[3]

12BY7

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12BY7 was an immediate successor to the 12BV7 and provided the same overall amplification values, but had slightly higher screen dissipation and voltage ratings. The tube exhibited slightly lower transconductance ratings (11 mS vs the original specification of 13 mS) as a result of this change.[4]

12BY7A

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The most popular variant from the original 12BV7 was the 12BY7A. In this case, the A suffix is used to indicate a backwards-compatible revision to the original specification. Specifically, the heater filament had been redesigned to further protect it from the potentially damaging voltage spikes which were known to occur when the tube heater circuits were wired in series rather than parallel. All of the other design specifications, including warmup time, were identical to the 12BY7.

12DQ7

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The 12DQ7 was the final backwards compatible update to the 12BV7. It offered higher maximum screen and plate voltages of 330VAC. The transconductance value was further reduced from 11 mS to 10.5 mS.[5]

7733

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The 7733 is listed as a premium version of the 12BY7A variant suitable for industrial or instrument service.[6]

EL180

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This is the European Mullard–Philips tube designation number for the 12BY7A variant. The code breakdown is as follows:

  • E = Heated Cathode - Heater voltage = 6.3VAC, 6.3VDC Parallel, 12.6VDC Series
  • L = Type of Device = Power tetrode, beam tetrode or power pentode
  • 180 = Noval socket, B9A pinout.

Usage outside of television reception

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High-fidelity audio equipment

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Although intended for video signal pre-amplification, the relatively high Mu to bandwidth ratio of the 12BY7 and 12BY7A variants lead to their adoption in audio amplification equipment during the Hi-Fi era. There is some dispute in the audio community as to whether the 12DQ7 and 12BV7 variants are acceptable substitutes when discussing the psychoacoustics of various amplifiers.[7]

  • Harman Kardon Citation II - Utilized six 12BY7As (three per audio channel) as pre-amplifiers driving four KT88 tetrode final stage amplifiers (two per channel) in a push-pull configuration. When driven to 60 Watts, this configuration resulted in approximately 40 kHz of audio frequency bandwidth (18 Hz - 40 kHz) extending into the ultrasonic range.[8][9][10]

Radio transceivers

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The tube series' wide-bandwidth characteristics lead a number of manufacturers[11][12] to utilize later variants, such as the 12BY7A as a transmit exciter and/or receive preamplifier in the RF stages of their radios. This RF design remained in use throughout the 1970s and early 1980s even as the other stages were replaced with Solid State components. Equipment using mixed tube & solid-state technologies came to be known as "Hybrid" or "Hybrid Solid State".[11]

Partial list of amateur radio equipment manufacturers using the 12BV7, 12BY7A or equivalents

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Gonset Communicator GC-105,[13] G28[14]
Trio (later Kenwood) - TS-520, TS-820, TS-530, TS-830, R-820[11]
R.L. Drake Company - TR4,[12] 2-NT[15]
Yaesu Musen (later Yaesu) - FT-101, FT-200 (Also resold as the Henry Tempo One)[16]
Side-Band Engineers - SBE-34[17]
Hallicrafters - HT-37[18]

Electronic Test Equipment

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The Tektronix 555 Modular Oscilloscope utilized a total of six 12BY7 and 12BY7A tubes. Four 12BY7s were specified for the main chassis as vertical amplifiers for the CRT beams (V1014, V1024, V2014, V2024), and one 12BY7A each in the Type 21 and Type 22 time-base modules (V145)[19]

References

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  1. ^ a b "12BY7A @ The National Valve Museum". Retrieved Jan 12, 2015.
  2. ^ "Tube Interchangibility Reference". Nostalgic Kits Central. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
  3. ^ "Computer History Museum - Vacuum tube type 12BY7A/12BV7".
  4. ^ "12BV7 - GE Electronic Tubes reference, January 1959" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
  5. ^ "12DQ7 - GE Electronic Tubes reference, April 1958" (PDF). General Electric. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  6. ^ "7733, Tube 7733; Röhre 7733 ID6211, Vacuum Pentode".
  7. ^ "Triode or Pentode". AudioKarma.org. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  8. ^ "Harman Kardon Citation II". High Fidelity Review. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  9. ^ Citation II Operation Manual
  10. ^ "Harman Kardon Citation II". hifiengine.com.
  11. ^ a b c Kemsi, Ken. "Kenwood Hybrid Transceiver FAQ". Kenwood Hybrid Transceiver Sales, Restoration & Service. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
  12. ^ a b Instruction Manual TR-4 Sideband Transceiver. R. L. Drake Company. p. 5. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
  13. ^ "Communicator GC-105". Radio Museum. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
  14. ^ "Gonset 10-meter Fixed-Station Transceiver" (PDF). Boat Anchor Manual Archive. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
  15. ^ Benson, George. "Classic Radio: The Drake 2-NT Novice Transmitter". QST. 103 (9): 78–79.
  16. ^ "Tempo One".
  17. ^ "SBE-34 Specifications".
  18. ^ "HT-37".
  19. ^ Instruction Manual - Type 555 Osciliscope. Beaverton, OR, US: Tektronix, Inc. p. 9-19,9-33,9-39.
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