View source for 153 (number)

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2023}}

{{Infobox number
| number = 153
| divisor=1, 3, 9, 17, 51, 153
}}

'''153''' ('''one hundred [and] fifty-three''') is the [[natural number]] following [[152 (number)|152]] and preceding [[154 (number)|154]].

==In mathematics==
[[File:153 Triangular.gif|thumb|360px|The number 153 is the 17th [[triangular number]].  The colours show that 153 is also the sum of the first five positive [[factorial]]s.]]

The number 153 is associated with the geometric shape known as the [[Vesica Piscis]] or Mandorla. [[Archimedes]], in his ''[[Measurement of a Circle]]'', referred to this ratio (153/265), as constituting the "measure of the fish", this ratio being an imperfect representation of <math>1 / \sqrt{3} \approx 0.57735</math>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greatdreams.com/numbers/jerry/153.htm|title=Measure of the Fish|website=greatdreams.com}}</ref>

As a [[triangular number]], 153 is the sum of the first [[17 (number)|17]] integers, and is also the sum of the first five positive [[factorial]]s: <math>1!+2!+3!+4!+5!</math>.<ref name="Wells">Wells, D. ''[[The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers]]'' London: Penguin Group. (1987): 140–141.</ref>

The number 153 is also a [[hexagonal number]], and a truncated triangle number, meaning that 1, 15, and 153 are all triangle numbers.

The distinct prime factors of 153 add up to 20, and so do the ones of 154, hence the two form a [[Ruth-Aaron pair]].

Since <math>153 = 1^3 + 5^3 + 3^3</math>, it is a 3-[[narcissistic number]], and it is also the smallest three-digit number which can be expressed as the sum of cubes of its digits.<ref>{{Cite web|last= Gupta |first= Shayam Sunder |title= Curious Properties of 153 |url=http://www.shyamsundergupta.com/c153.htm |access-date=June 26, 2009}}</ref> Only five other numbers can be expressed as the sum of the cubes of their digits: [[zero (number)|0]], [[1 (number)|1]], 370, 371 and 407.<ref>[[OEIS:A046197]]</ref> It is also a [[Friedman number]], since 153 = 3 × 51.

The [[Biggs–Smith graph]] is a [[symmetric graph]] with 153 edges, all equivalent.

Another feature of the number 153 is that it is the limit of the following algorithm:<ref name="MathPages">[https://archive.today/20130128083125/http://www.mathpages.com/HOME/kmath463.htm Catch of the Day (153 Fishes) at mathpages.com].</ref><ref>[[OEIS:A165330]]</ref><ref>[[OEIS:A346630]]</ref>

# Take a random positive [[integer]], divisible by [[3|three]]
# Split that number into its base 10 digits
# Take the sum of their cubes
# Go back to the second step

An example, starting with the number [[84 (number)|84]]:

<math>
\begin{align}
8^3 + 4^3 &=& 512 + 64 &=& 576\\
5^3 + 7^3 + 6^3 &=& 125 + 343 + 216 &=& 684\\
6^3 + 8^3 + 4^3 &=& 216 + 512 + 64  &=& 792\\
7^3 + 9^3 + 2^3 &=& 343 + 729 + 8  &=& 1080\\
1^3 + 0^3 + 8^3 + 0^3  &=& 1 + 0 + 512 + 0  &=& 513\\
5^3 + 1^3 + 3^3 &=& 125 + 1 + 27  &=& 153\\
1^3 + 5^3 + 3^3 &=& 1 + 125 + 27  &=& 153
\end{align}
</math>

There are 153 [[Uniform 6-polytope#Enumerating the convex uniform 6-polytopes|uniform polypeta]] that are generated from four different fundamental [[Coxeter group]]s in six-dimensional space.

The sum of the first eight [[Heegner number | Heegner numbers]] is 153.

==In the Baháʼí Faith==
The [[Hidden Words]] authored by [[Baháʼu'lláh]] who [[Baháʼís]] believe is the third Abrahamic [[Manifestation of God (Baháʼí_Faith)|Manifestation of God]] after Jesus, contains 153 proverbial expressions, 71 in Arabic and 82 in Persian.

==In the Bible==
[[File:The miracle of the Catch of 153 fish.jpg|thumb|240px|''Appearance on Lake Tiberias'' by [[Duccio]], 14th century, showing [[Jesus]] and the 7 fishing disciples (with [[Saint Peter]] leaving the boat)]]

The [[Gospel of John]] ([[John 21#Verses 1–14|chapter 21:1–14]]) includes the narrative of the [[Miraculous catch of fish#Second miraculous catch of fish—153 large ones|miraculous catch of 153 fish]] as the third appearance of Jesus after his [[Resurrection of Jesus|resurrection]].<ref>[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=john%2021:1-21:14&version=NIV Biblegateway John 21:1–14]</ref>

The number is clearly an intentional detail, given the lack of precision and detail elsewhere in the story.{{sfn|Flanagan|1992|p=1018}}{{sfn|Twelftree|1999|pp=218&ndash;219}} [[Augustine of Hippo]] argued that the significance lay in the fact that 153 is the sum of the first 17 [[integer]]s (i.e. 153 is the 17th [[triangular number]]), with 17 representing the combination of [[divine grace]] (the [[seven gifts of the Holy Spirit]]) and law (the [[Ten Commandments]]).<ref>Jason Byassee, ''Praise Seeking Understanding: Reading the Psalms with Augustine'', Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2007, p. 130, {{ISBN|0-8028-4012-4}}.</ref><ref>John E. Rotelle (ed) and Edmund Hill (tr), ''The works of Saint Augustine: A Translation for the 21st Century'', Part 3, Volume 7 (''Sermons: On the Liturgical Seasons''), p. 112, {{ISBN|1-56548-059-7}}.</ref> Many theologians have lent credence to Augustine's numerology simply because it comes from historic rather than contemporary theology.{{sfn|Twelftree|1999|pp=218&ndash;219}} Theologian [[D. A. Carson]] discusses this and other interpretations and concludes that "if the Evangelist has some symbolism in mind connected with the number 153, he has hidden it well",<ref>D. A. Carson, ''The Gospel According to John'' (Pillar Commentaries Series), Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1991, p. 673, {{ISBN|0-85111-749-X}}.</ref> while other scholars note that "no symbolic significance for the number of 153 fish in John 21:11 has received widespread support."<ref>Leland Ryken, Jim Wilhoit, Tremper Longman, Colin Duriez, Douglas Penney, and Daniel G. Reid, ''Dictionary of Biblical Imagery'' (Fish), InterVarsity Press, 1998, p. 290, {{ISBN|0-8308-1451-5}}.</ref>

[[Jerome]] reached much the same conclusion as Augustine that the figure is an allegorical representation of totality, but through more straightforward means rather than through numerology.{{sfn|Twelftree|1999|pp=218&ndash;219}} In his ''Commentary on Ezekiel'' he propounded the hypothesis that 153 was meant to represent the whole universe of fish, citing as proof that contemporary poets, giving [[Oppian]] as an example, believed that there were 153 species of fish in the world.{{sfn|Twelftree|1999|pp=218&ndash;219}}{{sfn|Flanagan|1992|p=1018}}
However, [[Robert M. Grant (theologian)|Robert M. Grant]] disproved Jerome's hypothesis by noting that Oppian actually enumerated only 149 (as catalogued by [[Alexander William Mair]]) fish species in his ''Halieutica'' (or only 152 "by adding 3 worms", in Grant's words).{{sfn|Twelftree|1999|pp=218&ndash;219}}{{sfn|Culpepper|2021|p=539}}{{sfn|Grant|2002|p=23}}
What Oppian actually said, moreover, was that only the gods knew the number; and other ancient authors gave different numbers that still were not 153, such as [[Pliny The Elder]] in ''Naturalis Historia'' (9.43) recording only 74, 104, or 144 (depending from how one counts, and whether one includes hard shelled animals) species of fish, and [[Quintus Ennius]] as reported by [[Apuleius]] enumerating "countless kinds of fish".{{sfn|Culpepper|2021|p=539}}{{sfn|Grant|2002|p=23}}{{sfn|Keener|2010|p=109}}
"Every ancient [[ichthyology|ichthyologian]] counted the number of species differently." stated Grant.{{sfn|Grant|2002|p=23}}

[[David Strauss]] had in fact pointed out the same thing about Oppian in his ''Leben Jesu'' the century before Grant.{{sfn|Godet|Dwight|1893|p=443}}
From a strictly biological point of view, moreover, only 24 species of fish had been recorded in the Sea of Galilee by the turn of the 20th century.{{sfn|Edwards|2008|p=205}}
Theologians have continued to support Jerome's hypothesis despite Grant and Strauss, arguing variously that Jerome may have had access to other works of Oppian that are now lost, that Oppian was writing a century after the Gospel of John and at least came close, and that perhaps (despite his having mentioned Oppian by name) Jerome's reference to multiple writers actually meant other writers entirely.{{sfn|Culpepper|2021|p=539}}
Grant himself opined that "there is every reason to suppose" that in fact Jerome had not actually checked Oppian's writing directly for this information, but was rather recounting secondhand some earlier Christian commentary on the Gospel of John.{{sfn|Grant|2002|p=23}}

Many other numerological interpretations have been propounded, from adding numerological representations of [[Simon the Zealot|Simon]]'s name to the Greek word for fish through the additions (100+50+7) of [[Cyril of Alexandria]] to the multiplications (17&times;3&times;3) of [[Gregory the Great]].{{sfn|Culpepper|2021|p=537}}{{sfn|Godet|Dwight|1893|p=443}}{{sfn|Edwards|2008|pp=204&ndash;205}}
[[Frédéric Louis Godet]] characterized them as "strange".{{sfn|Godet|Dwight|1893|p=443}}
There were at least 18 distinct numerological explanations when [[John Emerton]] performed "a quick survey" in 1958.{{sfn|Manning|2004|pp=189&ndash;190}}
Emerton proceeded to then add a [[gematria]]l explanation, to which 8 others have been added since.{{sfn|Manning|2004|pp=189&ndash;190}}
Professor of the New Testament, Craig S. Keener observed in 2010 the several gematrial explanations, critiquing ideas such as reversing the order of the Greek alphabet as being "forced", noting that a "children of God" reading of the number "import[s] a ministry image from Mark 1:17 that John never mentions", and commenting on allegorical suggestions linking to [[Moses]] that "one wonders whether John could have expected any members of his original audience to catch"; summarizing that gematrial explanations that many scholars have put forward are too complex to be discovered without starting from the answer desired and working backwards from there, and that the plethora of such explanations all distinct from one another itself indicates their weakness.{{sfn|Keener|2010|p=108}}

However, there have been more prosaic and literal explanations, including the simple straightforward one that the detail is simply correct, and 153 is the number of fish caught.{{sfn|Culpepper|2021|p=537}} [[John Bernard (bishop)|John Bernard]] argued by quoting [[Edwin Hatch]] that "The idea that ancient literature consists of riddles which it is the business of modern literature to solve has passed for ever away", pointing out the irony of a Gnostic-like search for meaning in the tale when John himself was simply being quite literal.{{sfn|Culpepper|2021|p=537}}{{sfn|Bernard|1928a|pp=lxxxvi&ndash;lxxxviii}}{{sfn|Bernard|1928b|pp=699&ndash;700}} Godet, likewise, asserted that it was just "a simple fact recalled to mind".{{sfn|Godet|Dwight|1893|p=444}}

R. Alan Culpepper (who was dean of the McAfee School of Theology at [[Mercer University]]) observed, in his 2021 overview of seven distinct ''classes'' of argument about the number, that whilst there are arguments in favour of symbolic interpretations "Nevertheless, the text gives no basis for interpreting the number."{{sfn|Culpepper|2021|p=537}} Professor of New Testament Studies Timothy James Wiarda stated that "It is sufficient to note that the text offers the reader no hint concerning any symbolism in the miraculous catch of fish.".{{sfn|Wiarda|1992}} Keener, having discounted gematria, Jerome (per Grant and Strauss), and Augustine (with a simple analysis of how probable it is to pick numbers that have at least ''some'' special property, be that they are [[triangular number|triangular]], [[square number|square]], [[prime number|prime]], or otherwise), concludes that the straightforward explanation is the more likely one and that "the number could simply stem from an accurate memory of a careful count on the occasion", quoting Archibald Macbride Hunter in his 1965 ''Cambridge Bible Commentaries'' that it is "no more symbolical than the hundred yards that Peter swam.  It is the remembered number of a 'bumper' catch."{{sfn|Keener|2010|p=109}}{{sfn|Hunter|1965|p=195}}

Culpepper's three other classes (aside from Jerome, literalism, gematria, and Augustine) are algebraic interpretations based on 153 itself, algebraic interpretations based on the number 17, and the hypothesis that the symbolic meaning of the number exists but is no longer discoverable.{{sfn|Culpepper|2021|p=537}}

[[Cornelius à Lapide]] writes that the "multitude of fishes mystically represents the multitude of the faithful which Peter and the Apostles afterwards caught by the net of evangelical preaching, and converted to Christ".<ref>[http://www.catholicapologetics.info/scripture/newtestament/21john.htm The Great Biblical Commentary of Cornelius à Lapide].</ref>

Writers claiming a major role for [[Mary Magdalene]] have noted that in Greek [[isopsephy]] her epithet "η Μαγδαληνή" bears the number 8&nbsp;+&nbsp;40&nbsp;+&nbsp;1&nbsp;+&nbsp;3&nbsp;+&nbsp;4&nbsp;+&nbsp;1&nbsp;+&nbsp;30&nbsp;+&nbsp;8&nbsp;+&nbsp;50&nbsp;+&nbsp;8&nbsp;=&nbsp;153, thus, it is suggested, revealing her importance.<ref name="Starbird">Margaret Starbird, ''Magdalene's Lost Legacy: Symbolic Numbers and the Sacred Union in Christianity'', Inner Traditions / Bear & Company, 2003, pages 49 and 139, {{ISBN|1-59143-012-7}}.</ref> Similarly, the phrase "τὸ δίκτυον" (the net) used in the passage bears the number 1224&nbsp;=&nbsp;8&nbsp;×&nbsp;153,<ref name="Starbird"/> as do some other phrases. The significance of this is unclear, given that [[Koine Greek]] provides a choice of several noun endings<ref>J.W. Wenham, ''The Elements of New Testament Greek'', Cambridge University Press, 1965.</ref> with different isopsephy values.<ref>For example, ἰχθύς (fish) has isopsephy values of 1219, 1069, 1289, 1029, 1224, 1220, 1869, 1229, and 1279 with the different noun endings on p. 124 of Wenham, and a further range of possibilities when the definite article is added.</ref>  The number 153 has also been related to the [[vesica piscis]], with the claim that [[Archimedes]] used 153 as a "shorthand or abbreviation"<ref name="Starbird"/> for the [[square root of 3]] in his ''[[On the Measurement of the Circle]]''. However, examination of that work <ref>{{Citation| last = Heath| first = Thomas Little| year = 1897| title = The Works of Archimedes| publisher = Cambridge University Press| pages = ''lxxvii ''; 50| url = https://archive.org/details/worksofarchimede029517mbp | access-date = January 30, 2010|authorlink=Thomas Heath (classicist)}}</ref> shows this to be only partly correct.<ref name="MathPages"/>

[[Evagrius Ponticus]] referred to the catch of 153 fish, as well as to the mathematical properties of the number (153 = [[100 (number)|100]] + [[28 (number)|28]] + [[25 (number)|25]], with 100 a [[square number]], 28 a [[triangular number]] and 25 a [[Automorphic number|circular number]]) when describing his 153-chapter work on prayer.<ref>William Harmless, ''Desert Christians: An Introduction to the Literature of Early Monasticism'', Oxford University Press, 2004, pp. 320–341, {{ISBN|0-19-516222-6}}.</ref> [[Louis de Montfort]], in his fifth method of saying the [[Rosary]], connects the catch of 153 fish with the number of [[Hail Mary]]s said (3 plus 15 sets of 10),<ref>[http://www.montfort.org.uk/Writings/MSR.html Montfort.org.uk] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091209195925/http://www.montfort.org.uk/Writings/MSR.html |date=December 9, 2009 }}, "its fruitfulness as shown in the net that St. Peter by order of Our Lord threw into the sea and which though filled with 153 fish did not break."</ref> while [[St Paul's School (London)|St Paul's School]] in [[London]] was founded in 1512 by [[John Colet]] to teach 153 poor men's children, also in reference to the catch.<ref>Peter Cunningham, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ERAHAAAAQAAJ Modern London; or, London as it is]'', 1851, p. 193.</ref>

==In the military==
[[File:HMAS Stuart FFH 153.jpg|thumb|240px|{{HMAS|Stuart|FFH 153}} in 2006]]
* {{HMAS|Stuart|FFH 153}} is an {{sclass|Anzac|frigate|1}} of the [[Royal Australian Navy]]
* {{HMAS|Whyalla|J153}} was a {{sclass|Bathurst|corvette|1}} of the Royal Australian Navy during [[World War II]]
* JDS ''Yūgiri'' (DD-153) is an {{sclass|Asagiri|destroyer|1}} of the [[Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force]]
* {{USNS|Cumberland|T-AO-153}} was a [[United States Navy]] auxiliary ship during the [[Vietnam War]]
* {{USS|Asphalt|IX-153}} was a United States Navy ''Trefoil''-class concrete barge during World War II
* {{USS|Bernadou|DD-153}} was a United States Navy {{sclass|Wickes|destroyer|1}} during World War II
* {{USS|Buoyant|AM-153}} was a United States Navy {{sclass|Admirable|minesweeper|1}} during World War II
* {{USS|Compass Island|AG-153}} was a United States Navy naval fighting ship during World War II
* {{USS|General R. M. Blatchford|AP-153}} was a United States Navy {{sclass|General G. O. Squier|transport}} ship during World War II
* {{USS|Laurens|APA-153}} was a United States Navy {{sclass|Haskell|attack transport|1}} during World War II
* {{USS|Reuben James|DE-153}} was a United States Navy {{sclass|Buckley|destroyer escort|1}} during World War II
* {{USS|S-42|SS-153}} was a United States Navy {{sclass|United States S|submarine}} during World War II
* The [[153d Airlift Wing]] is a unit of the [[United States Air Force]], located at [[Cheyenne Regional Airport]], [[Cheyenne, Wyoming]].
* The [[153d Air Refueling Squadron]] is a unit of the [[Mississippi Air National Guard]], flying the [[KC-135 Stratotanker]]
* The [[153rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment]] was an [[infantry]] [[regiment]] that served in the [[Union Army]] during the [[American Civil War]]
* The Russian Soviet [[Polikarpov I-153]] ''Chaika'' ("Seagull") was a late 1930s biplane fighter which saw combat during World War II
In the 39th Brigade Combat Team, Arkansas Army National Guard, the two maneuver battalions are of the 153d Infantry Regiment, 1BN 153IN units located in the southwestern part of Arkansas, 2BN 153IN located in the north central region of Arkansas.

==In transportation==
* [[British Rail Class 153]] is a single-car [[diesel multiple unit]] train
* [[Caledonian Airways Flight 153]] from [[Douala International Airport]], [[Douala]], [[Cameroon]], crashed on March 4, 1962
* The [[Peugeot Type 153]] car, produced between 1913 and 1925
* [[Orland Park 153rd Street (Metra)|153rd Street]] station on [[Metra]]'s [[SouthWest Service]] in [[Orland Park, Illinois]]

==In sports==
* [[Australian rules football]]er [[Scott Hodges]] had a [[South Australian National Football League|SANFL]] season goal kicking record of 153 in 1990

==In radio and TV==
[[File:Sender Donebach.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Sender Donebach|Donebach]]'s radio masts in 2004]]
* The frequency of the [[longwave]] transmitters [[Sender Donebach|Donebach]], [[Ingøy radio transmitter|Ingøy]], [[Bod Transmitter|Braşov]], and [[Kenadsa longwave transmitter|Kenadsa]] is 153&nbsp;kHz<ref>[[Wikibooks:Amateur Radio Manual/Transmission Frequencies|Table of transmission frequencies]]</ref>

==In other fields==
'''153''' is also:
* The year [[153|AD 153]] or 153 BC
* The year 153 AH in the [[Islamic calendar]] that corresponds to 769 – 770 [[Common Era|CE]]
* The code for [[Colorectal cancer|malignant neoplasm of the colon]] in the [[List of ICD-9 codes|International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems]]
* The code for "mental processes & [[intelligence]]" in the [[List of Dewey Decimal classes|Dewey Decimal Classification]]
* A reference to a comet ([[153P/Ikeya-Zhang]]) discovered in 2002
* A reference to a large [[asteroid]] with a dark surface ([[153 Hilda]]) in the outer [[Main belt]]
* The ordinal number of the [[coat of arms of Komi Republic]] in the [[State Heraldic Register of the Russian Federation]]
* The number of combined Arabic and Persian [[Hidden Words]] in the [[Baháʼí Faith]].
* The [[atomic number]] of an element temporarily called Unpenttrium<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.flw.com/datatools/periodic/001.php?id=153|title = FLW Incorporated &#124; Specialists in Physical Measurement, Testing, Calibration & Control}}</ref>
* A [[Sonnet 153|sonnet]] by [[William Shakespeare]]
* The U.S. [[Bureau of Transportation Statistics]]' world area code for [[Nicaragua]]<ref>[http://www.world-airport-codes.com/alphabetical/country-code/150-199.html World-airport-coedes.com]</ref>
* Number of possible type combinations in the [[Pokémon]] series.
* The number of [[aphorism]]s outlined by Chr. Pack in ''153 Chymical Aphorisms''<ref>[http://www.levity.com/alchemy/153aphor.html 153 Chymical Aphorisms].</ref>
* 153 is the telephonic number of the [[Municipal Guards|Brazilian Municipal Guards]].

==See also==
{{Commons category}}
* [[Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia]]
* [[Gregg v. Georgia|Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153 (1976)]]
* [[List of highways numbered 153]]
* [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 153]]
* [[List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 153|United States Supreme Court cases, Volume 153]]

==References==
{{reflist|20em}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|title=Jesus the Miracle Worker: A Historical and Theological Study|author1-first=Graham H.|author1-last=Twelftree|publisher=InterVarsity Press|year=1999|isbn=9780830815968|author1-link=Graham Twelftree|chapter=Miracles in the Fourth Gospel}}
* {{cite book|title=The Collegeville Bible Commentary: Based on the New American Bible|editor1-first=Robert J.|editor1-last=Karris|publisher=Liturgical Press|year=1992|isbn=9780814622117|chapter=John|author1-first=Neal M.|author1-last=Flanagan}}
* {{cite book|title=John Through the Centuries|series=Wiley Blackwell Bible Commentaries|author1-first=Mark|author1-last=Edwards|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2008|isbn=9781405143196}}
* {{cite book|title=Designs for the Church in the Gospel of John: Collected Essays, 1980&ndash;2020|volume=465|series=Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament|author1-first=R. Alan|author1-last=Culpepper|publisher=Mohr Siebeck|year=2021|isbn=9783161602627}}
* {{cite book|ref={{harvid|Bernard|1928a}}|title=A critical and exegetical commentary on the Gospel According to St John|author1-first=John Henry|volume=1|author1-last=Bernard|author1-link=John Bernard (bishop)|publisher=ICC|location=Edinburgh|isbn=9780567050243|chapter=Introduction|year=1928}}
* {{cite book|ref={{harvid|Bernard|1928b}}|title=A critical and exegetical commentary on the Gospel According to St John|author1-first=John Henry|volume=2|author1-last=Bernard|author1-link=John Bernard (bishop)|publisher=ICC|location=Edinburgh|isbn=9780567050243|chapter=Notes on the Greek text|year=1928}}
* {{cite book|title=Early Christians and Animals|author1-first=Robert M.|author1-last=Grant|author1-link=Robert M. Grant (theologian)|publisher=Routledge|year=2002|isbn=9781134633753|chapter=Unusual animals}}
* {{cite book|title=Echoes of a Prophet: The Use of Ezekiel in the Gospel of John and in Literature of the Second Temple Period|volume=270|series=The Library of New Testament Studies|author1-first=Gary T. Jr.|author1-last=Manning|publisher=A&C Black|year=2004|isbn=9780567639288}}
* {{cite book|title=Commentary on the Gospel of John, with an Historical and Critical Introduction|author1-first=Frédéric Louis|author1-last=Godet|author1-link=Frédéric Louis  Godet|author2-first=Timothy|author2-last=Dwight|author2-link=Timothy Dwight V|publisher=Funk & Wagnalls|location=New York|year=1893}}
* {{cite journal|title=John 21.1&ndash;23: Narrative Unity and Its Implications|author1-first=Timothy James|author1-last=Wiarda|year=1992|doi=10.1177/0142064X9201404604|journal=Journal for the Study of the New Testament|volume=14|issue=6|pages=53&ndash;71|s2cid=145428133}}
* {{cite book|title=The Gospel of John|author1-first=Craig S.|author1-last=Keener|publisher=Baker Academic|year=2010|isbn=9781441237057|chapter=Epilogue (21:2&ndash;25)}}
* {{cite book|title=The Gospel According to John|series=Cambridge Bible Commentaries on the New Testament|author1-first=Archibald Macbride|author1-last=Hunter|editor1-first=Alan|editor1-last=Hunter|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1965|isbn=9780521092555}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal|author1-last=Grant|author1-first=Robert M.|author1-link=Robert M. Grant (theologian)|year=1949|title=One Hundred Fifty-Three Large Fish (John 21:11)|journal=Harvard Theological Review|volume=42|issue=4|pages=273&ndash;275|doi=10.1017/S0017816000024329|jstor=1508507|s2cid=162458735 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [http://www.virtuescience.com/153.html The Number 153 at The Database of Number Correlations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320232417/http://www.virtuescience.com/153.html |date=March 20, 2014 }}

{{Integers|1}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:153 (Number)}}
[[Category:Integers]]