View source for 1960 New York mid-air collision

{{Short description|Aviation disaster in New York City}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{For|the 1997 clear-air turbulence incident|United Airlines Flight 826}}
{{Infobox aircraft occurrence
| name            = 1960 New York mid-air collision<br />{{nobold|{{small|United Airlines Flight 826{{·}}Trans World Airlines Flight 266}}}}
| image           = Photo of United 826 crash site 2.jpg
| image_upright   = 1.15
| alt             = 
| caption         = The crash site of the United Airlines DC-8, United 826, in [[Park Slope, Brooklyn]]
| occurrence_type = Accident
| date            = {{start date|1960|12|16}}
| summary         = [[Mid-air collision]]
| site            = [[Miller Field (Staten Island)|Miller Field]], Near [[New York City]], U.S.
| coordinates     = {{coord|40|34|07|N|74|07|19|W|region:US-NY_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| total_fatalities = 134
| total_survivors = 0
| ground_fatalities = 6
| ground_injuries = 
| plane1_image    = Douglas DC-8-11 N8002U (7859010756).jpg
| plane1_image_upright = 1.15
| plane1_alt      = A jetliner on the apron
| plane1_caption  = A United Airlines Douglas DC-8, similar to the aircraft involved.
| plane1_type     = [[Douglas DC-8|Douglas DC-8-11]]
| plane1_name     = ''Mainliner Will Rogers''
| plane1_operator = [[United Airlines]]
| plane1_IATA     = UA826
| plane1_ICAO     = UAL826
| plane1_callsign = UNITED 826
| plane1_tailnum  = N8013U
| plane1_origin   = [[Chicago-O'Hare International Airport]], [[Illinois|IL]]
| plane1_destination = [[Idlewild Airport]], [[New York City]]
| plane1_occupants = 84
| plane1_passengers = 77
| plane1_crew     = 7
| plane1_fatalities = 84
| plane1_survivors = 0
| plane2_image    = Trans World Airlines Flight 266 N6907C.jpg
| plane2_image_upright = 1.15
| plane2_alt      = A large piston engined airliner taxiing past some large bomber aircraft
| plane2_caption  = N6907C, the Lockheed L-1049A Super Constellation involved
| plane2_type     = [[Lockheed L-1049A Super Constellation]]
| plane2_name     = ''Star of Sicily''
| plane2_operator = [[Trans World Airlines]]
| plane2_IATA     = TW266
| plane2_ICAO     = TWA266
| plane2_callsign = TWA 266
| plane2_tailnum  = N6907C
| plane2_origin   = [[Dayton International Airport]], [[Dayton, Ohio]]
| plane2_stopover = [[Port Columbus International Airport]], [[Ohio]]
| plane2_destination = [[LaGuardia Airport]], New York
| plane2_occupants = 44
| plane2_passengers = 39
| plane2_crew     = 5
| plane2_fatalities = 44
| plane2_survivors = 0
}}

On December 16, 1960, a [[United Airlines]] [[Douglas DC-8]] bound for Idlewild Airport (now [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]]) in [[New York City]] collided in midair with a [[Trans World Airlines|TWA]] [[Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation]] descending toward [[LaGuardia Airport]].<ref name="cabreport">{{cite web|last=|first=|date=18 June 1962|title=United Airlines Inc., DC-8, N8013U, and Trans World Airlines, Inc., Constellation 1049A, N6907C, Near Staten Island, New York, December 16, 1960|url=https://archive.org/download/Cab-aar1960-12-16-united-826-twa-266/Cab-aar1960-12-16-united-826-twa-266.pdf|access-date=7 July 2017|work=archive.org|publisher=Civil Aeronautics Board}}</ref> The Constellation crashed on [[Miller Field (Staten Island)|Miller Field]] in [[Staten Island]] and the DC-8 in [[Park Slope]], [[Brooklyn]], killing all 128 aboard the two aircraft and six people on the ground. The accident was the world's deadliest aviation disaster at the time, and remains the deadliest accident in the history of United Airlines. ([[United Airlines Flight 175]], with close to 1000 total deaths, is excluded as the flight crashed not by accident but due to a terrorist attack.)<ref name="ASN UA 175">{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|date=|title=ASN Aircraft accident United Airlines UA175, NY|url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/323228|access-date=2024-07-11|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref>

The accident became known as the '''Park Slope plane crash''' or the '''Miller Field crash'''<ref name=":0">{{cite news |title=Park Slope Plane Crash |url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/tag/park-slope-plane-crash/ |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=16 December 2010 |access-date=12 March 2011 }}</ref> after the two crash sites. The accident was also the first hull loss and first fatal accident involving a Douglas DC-8.<ref name="ASN United 826">{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|date=|title=ASN Aircraft accident Douglas DC-8-11 N8013U New York, NY|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19601216-0|access-date=2020-02-28|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref><ref name="ASN TWA 266">{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|date=|title=ASN Aircraft accident Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation N6907C Miller Army Air Station, NY|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19601216-1|access-date=2020-02-28|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref>

==Aircraft and crews==
[[File:San Francisco Airport Jul 24, 1960 Jetway into United Douglas DC-8 jet N8013U.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Empennage|tail assembly]] of N8013U, the Douglas DC-8 involved in the collision.]]
United Airlines Flight 826, ''Mainliner Will Rogers'', [[Aircraft registration|registered]] as {{Airreg|N|8013U|,}} was a DC-8-11 carrying 77 passengers and 7 crew members from [[O'Hare International Airport]] in Chicago to Idlewild Airport  in [[Queens]]. The crew consisted of [[Pilot in command|Captain]] Robert Sawyer (age 46), [[First officer (aviation)|First Officer]] Robert Fiebing (40), [[flight engineer|Flight Engineer]] Richard Pruitt (30) and four stewardesses.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Swopes |first=Bryan |title=TWA Flight 266 {{!}} This Day in Aviation |url=https://www.thisdayinaviation.com/tag/twa-flight-266/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> Captain Sawyer was a highly experienced pilot, having accumulated 19,100 flight hours, of which 344 were in the DC-8. First Officer Fiebing had accumulated 8,400 flight hours, of which 416 were in the DC-8. Flight Engineer Pruitt had accumulated 8,500 flight hours, of which 379 were in the DC-8.<ref name="cabreport" />

Trans World Airlines Flight 266, ''Star of Sicily'', registered as {{Airreg|N|6907C|,}} was a Super Constellation carrying 39 passengers and 5 crew members from [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]] and [[Columbus, Ohio]], to [[LaGuardia Airport]] in Queens. The crew consisted of Captain David Wollam (age 39), First Officer Dean Bowen (32), Flight Engineer LeRoy "Lee" Rosenthal (30) and two stewardesses, Margaret Gernat and Patricia Post.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Swopes |first=Bryan |title=TWA Flight 266 {{!}} This Day in Aviation |url=https://www.thisdayinaviation.com/tag/twa-flight-266/ |access-date=2023-05-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> Captain Wollam had accumulated 14,583 flight hours, 267 of which were in the Constellation. First Officer Bowen had accumulated 6,411 flight hours, of which 268 were on the Constellation. Flight Engineer Rosenthal had accumulated 3,561 flight hours, of which 204 were in the Constellation.<ref name="cabreport" /><ref name="1960nyccrashap">{{Cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/1960-plane-collision-over-nyc-spurred-improvements|title=1960 plane collision over NYC spurred improvements|date=2015-03-27|agency=Associated Press|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> ''Star of Sicily''{{'s}} sister ship N6902C, ''Star of the Seine'', was destroyed in [[1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision|another mid-air collision]] with a United Airlines flight in 1956.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rft-519-united-airlines-flight-286-trans-world-airlines/id1071171446?i=1000529664355&l=tr|title = Ready for Takeoff - Turn Your Aviation Passion into a Career: RFT 519: United Airlines Flight 286/Trans World Airlines Flight 266 Apple Podcasts'te}}</ref>

==Background==
[[File:NYAirDisasterMap-vector.svg|thumb|left|Flight paths of the two aircraft]]
At 10:21&nbsp;a.m. [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]], United 826 advised [[ARINC|ARINC radio]] that one of its [[VHF omnidirectional range|VOR]] receivers was inoperative, and the message was relayed to United Airlines maintenance. However, air-traffic control (ATC) was not informed that the aircraft had only one operational receiver, which presented difficulty for the pilots of flight 826 to identify the Preston [[Intersection (aeronautics)|intersection]], beyond which it had not received clearance.

At 10:25&nbsp;a.m., ATC issued a revised clearance for the flight to shorten its route to the Preston holding point (near [[Laurence Harbor, New Jersey]]) by {{convert|12|mi|km}}. That clearance included holding instructions (a standard "racetrack" [[Holding (aeronautics)|holding pattern]]) for Flight 826 when it arrived at the Preston intersection. Flight 826 was expected to reduce its speed before reaching Preston to a standard holding speed of {{convert|210|kn|mph km/h}} or lower. However, the aircraft was estimated to be traveling at {{convert|301|kn|mph km/h}} when it collided with the TWA plane, several miles beyond the Preston clearance limit.

During the investigation, United Airlines claimed that the Colts Neck VOR was unreliable.<ref name="TimesHighSpeed">{{cite news|last=Witkin|first=Richard|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1961/01/10/archives/high-speed-laid-to-jet-in-crash-inquiry-told-craft-overshot-circle.html|title=High Speed Laid to Jet in Crash. Inquiry Told Craft Overshot Circle Area at 500 M.P.H|date=10 January 1961|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=12 March 2011|issn=0362-4331|quote=The jet airliner in the 16 December collision here was traveling more than 500 miles an hour when it swept past its assigned circling point, an official inquiry was told yesterday.}}</ref> Preston was the point where airway V123&mdash;the 050-radial off the Robbinsville VOR&mdash;crossed the Solberg 120-degree radial and the Colts Neck 346-degree radial. However, the [[Civil Aeronautics Board]]'s final report found no problem with the Colts Neck VOR.

The prevailing conditions were light rain and fog, which had been preceded by snowfall.

==Collision and ground impacts==
[[File:Photo of TWA Flight 266 crash site 2.jpg|thumb|left|The crash site of the TWA Super Constellation, TWA 266, in [[Miller Field (Staten Island)|Miller Field, Staten Island]].]]
{{OSM Location map
| coord = {{Coord|40|39|00|N|74|0|00|W}}
| zoom = 10
| float = right
| width = 220
| height = 220
| mark-size = 10
| label1 =United 820 (DC-8)
| mark-coord1 = {{Coord|40|40|38|N|73|58|25|W}}
| label-pos1 = bottom
| label-size1 = 12
| label2 =TWA 266 (Super Constellation)
| mark-coord2 = {{Coord|40|34|12|N|74|6|10.8|W}}
| label-pos2 = right
| label-size2 = 12
| mark-title1 =United 820 (DC-8)
| mark-title2 =TWA 266 (Super Constellation)
| mark-image1 =1960 NYC Mid-Air Collision.jpg
| mark-image2 =Miller Field SI jeh.JPG
| caption = Locations of the crash sites in New York City
}}

According to the DC-8's [[flight data recorder]], the aircraft was {{convert|12|mi|km}} off course, and for 81 seconds it descended at {{convert|3600|ft/min|m/s}} while slowing from more than {{convert|400|kn|mph km/h}} to {{convert|301|kn|mph km/h}} at the time of the collision.

One of the DC-8's starboard engines struck the Constellation just ahead of its wings, tearing apart a portion of the fuselage. The Constellation entered a dive, with debris continuing to fall as it disintegrated during its spiral to the ground.

The initial impact tore the DC-8's engine from its pylon. Having lost one engine and a large part of the right wing, the DC-8 remained airborne for another 90 seconds.

The DC-8 crashed into the [[Park Slope, Brooklyn|Park Slope]] section of [[Brooklyn]] at the intersection of Seventh Avenue and Sterling Place ({{coord|40.67709|-73.97368|format=dms|type:landmark|name=1960 New York mid-air collision DC-8 crash site}}), scattering wreckage and setting fire to ten brownstone apartment buildings, the [[Pillar of Fire International|Pillar of Fire Church]], the McCaddin Funeral Home, a Chinese laundry and a delicatessen. Six people on the ground were killed.<ref name="ReferenceA">Disaster in Fog&nbsp;– New York Times&nbsp;– 17 December 1960</ref><ref name="cabreport" />

The crash left the remains of the DC-8 pointing southeast toward a large open field at [[Prospect Park (Brooklyn)|Prospect Park]], blocks from its crash site. An occupant in one of the affected apartment buildings said that his family survived because they were in the only room of their apartment that was not destroyed. The crash left a trench covering most of the length of the middle of Sterling Place. Witnesses thought that a bomb had detonated or that a building's boiler had exploded.

The TWA plane crashed onto the northwest corner of [[Miller Field (Staten Island)|Miller Field]] at {{coord|40.57|N|74.103|W|type:landmark|name=1960 New York mid-air collision Constellation crash site}}, with some sections of the aircraft landing in [[New York Harbor]]. At least one passenger fell into a tree before the wreckage hit the ground.<ref name="TimesHighSpeed" /><ref name="cabreport" />

There was no radio contact with traffic controllers from either plane after the collision, although LaGuardia had begun tracking an incoming, fast-moving, unidentified plane from Preston toward the LaGuardia "Flatbush" outer marker.<ref>Excerpts of Tape Conversations at Time of Air Crash&nbsp;– New York Times&nbsp;– 22 December 1960</ref>

==Investigation==
[[File:Syracuse-crash.jpg|thumb|upright|Front page of ''[[The Post-Standard|Syracuse Post-Standard]]'' on 17 December 1960]]
The likely cause of the accident was identified in a report by the US&nbsp;[[Civil Aeronautics Board]]:{{blockquote|United Flight 826 proceeded beyond its clearance limit and the confines of the airspace allocated to the flight by Air Traffic Control. A contributing factor was the high speed of the United DC-8 as it approached the Preston intersection, coupled with the change of clearance which reduced the en-route distance along Victor 123 by approximately {{convert|11|mi|nmi km}}.<ref name="cabreport" />}}

==Victims==
The only person to initially survive the crash was Stephen Baltz, an 11-year-old boy from [[Wilmette, Illinois]]. He was traveling unaccompanied on Flight 826 to spend Christmas in [[Yonkers]] with relatives. He was thrown from the plane into a snowbank, where his burning clothing was extinguished. Although alive and conscious, he was severely burned and had inhaled burning fuel.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Baltz died of [[pneumonia]] the next day.<ref>{{cite news |last=Perlmutter |first=Emanuel |title=Boy Who Survived Crash Dies; 'Stevie Tried Hard,' Father Says |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=18 December 1960 |page=49}}</ref>

Other notable victims included chemist [[Jonas Kamlet]], who was on Flight 826,<ref>{{Cite news |date=1964-05-22 |title=Widow of Air Victim to Receive $645,000 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> and Garry and Caroline Myers, the founders of the children's magazine ''[[Highlights (magazine)|Highlights]],'' both of whom were on Flight 266.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Families remember 50th anniversary of fatal plane collision |url=https://www.dispatch.com/article/20101213/NEWS/312139717 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326195933/https://www.dispatch.com/article/20101213/NEWS/312139717 |archive-date=March 26, 2020 |access-date=March 26, 2020 |website=The Columbus Dispatch}}</ref> Mountaineer [[Edmund Hillary]], known for being one of the first two people to reach the summit of Mount Everest, was also booked onto Flight 826 but arrived too late to board.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barron |first=James |date=2010-12-12 |title=Park Slope Plane Crash {{!}} A Collision in the Clouds |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/12/12/park-slope-plane-crash-the-lede-all/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=City Room |language=en}}</ref>

==Legacy==
The total of 134 victims would not be surpassed until a Lockheed C-130B Hercules was [[1968 Kham Duc C-130 shootdown|shot down in May 1968]], killing 155 people.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |date= |title=ASN Aircraft accident Lockheed C-130B Hercules 60-0297 Kham Duc |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19680512-1 |access-date=2021-02-01 |website=aviation-safety.net |publisher=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref> In terms of commercial aviation, the death toll would not be surpassed until the March 1969 crash of [[Viasa Flight 742]], which crashed on takeoff and killed all 84 people on board the aircraft, as well as 71 people on the ground.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |date= |title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 YV-C-AVD Maracaibo |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19690316-0 |access-date=July 3, 2020 |website=aviation-safety.net |publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>

In 2010, on the 50th anniversary of the accident, a memorial to the 134 victims of the two crashes was unveiled in [[Green-Wood Cemetery]], Brooklyn. The cemetery is the site of the common grave containing the remains of those who could not be identified.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-12-16 |title=New York - New Monument Marks 1960 Brooklyn Air Crash |url=https://vosizneias.com/2010/12/16/new-york-new-monument-to-mark-1960-brooklyn-air-crash/ |access-date=2020-10-03 |website=Vos Iz Neias |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=staff/jen-carlson |date=2010-12-16 |title=Memorial Is Unveiled For 1960s Park Slope Plane Crash |url=http://gothamist.com/arts-entertainment/memorial-is-unveiled-for-1960s-park-slope-plane-crash |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731044200/https://gothamist.com/arts-entertainment/memorial-is-unveiled-for-1960s-park-slope-plane-crash |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 July 2021 |access-date=2020-10-03 |website=Gothamist |language=en }}</ref>

The collision is covered in "Collision Course," the fifth episode of the first season of [[The Weather Channel]] documentary series ''[[Why Planes Crash]]''.<ref name="groanworthy reference">{{cite book |last1=Sommers |first1=Caroline |title=Why Planes Crash |date=27 April 2013 |publisher=NBC Peacock Productions |location=The Weather Channel |edition=Collision Course |url=https://weloveweather.tv/twc/ |format=TV Documentary |access-date=13 June 2020 |archive-date=13 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613201254/https://weloveweather.tv/twc/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The collision figures prominently in Episode 3, Season 5 of the Amazon television series ''[[The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel]]''.

The collision is a plot point in [[Kristin Harmel]]'s book ''The Paris Daughter''.

The collision is featured in the novella ''If It Bleeds'' by [[Stephen King]], which was published in 2020 in the [[If It Bleeds|anthology of the same name]].

==See also==
{{Portal|New York City|Aviation|1960s}}
* [[List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft]]
* [[1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision]] – another mid-air collision, also involving United Airlines and Trans World Airlines aircraft
* [[United Airlines Flight 826 (1997)]] - another flight that had an accident with the same flight number and airline

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/33651 Aircraft Accident Report] - [[U.S. Civil Aeronautics Board]] - [https://web.archive.org/web/20150915160844/https://lessonslearned.faa.gov/UAL826/CAB_Report.pdf  Alternate link]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041015025442/http://psreader.com/article44.html Pillar of Fire: Recalling the Day the Sky Fell, December 16, 1960] by Nathaniel Altman, from the ''Park Slope Reader''
* [http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19601216-1 Accident description TWA Super Constellation L-1049 N6907C]
* [http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19601216-0 Accident description United Airlines DC-8-11 N8013U]
* [http://www.airliners.net/photo/Trans-World-Airlines/Lockheed-L-1049-Constellation/0099489/&sid=7885e6a699bb4a2c46fadf1dc47606ae Pre-crash photo of N6907C]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070705102453/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,895134,00.html Death in the Air], ''Time'', 26 December 1960.
* [http://www.britishpathe.com/video/air-disasters-in-new-york-munich-kill-177-aka-sky Newsreel film footage of crash]
* Nelson, Libby. "[http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/06/30/the-boy-who-survived-a-1960-midair-crash The Boy Who Survived a 1960 Midair Crash]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220611233253/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/06/30/the-boy-who-survived-a-1960-midair-crash/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=1 Archive]). ''[[The New York Times]]''. 30 June 2009.
* "[http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/nyregion/city_room/19601217_frontpage.pdf 127 die as 2 airliners collide over the city; jet sets Brooklyn fire, killing 5 others; the second plane crashes on Staten Island]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20160305134753/http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/nyregion/city_room/19601217_frontpage.pdf Archive]). ''[[The New York Times]]''. Vol CX. No. 37,583. Saturday 17 December 1960.
* [http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/tag/park-slope-plane-crash/ Park Slope Plane Crash, ''City Room'' (''The New York Times'' local news blog), Sunday, December 12–Thursday, December 16, 2010] – A series of articles about the aviation disaster.
* [http://www.cnn.com/2010/US/12/16/gallery.newyork.crash/index.html CNN photo gallery of the crash]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101218042721/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/53491/deadly-brooklyn-plane-crash-1960#index/0 Deadly Brooklyn Plane Crash, 1960] – slideshow by ''[[Life magazine]]''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070515154358/http://www.psreader.com/article45.html Pillar of Fire – Interview with Dorothy M. Fletcher by Nathaniel Altman]
* [http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/africa/05/13/libya.planecrash.survivors/index.html Fate or fluke? Air crash sole survivors by Barry Neild for CNN]
* {{cite news|author=Jamieson|title=The Day the Boy Fell From the Sky|first=Wendell|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/24/nyregion/the-day-the-boy-fell-from-the-sky.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=24 March 2002}}
* {{cite web |url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/tag/park-slope-plane-crash/ |title=Park Slope Plane Crash |work=The New York Times |date= 12–16 December 2010 |access-date=17 December 2010}}
* [http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/1960-new-york-city-plane-crash-back-gallery-1.1549629 "1960 New York City plane crash: A look back"]. – slideshow by [[New York Daily News]]

{{Lockheed Constellation family}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in 1960}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in the 1960s}}
{{United Continental Holdings}}
{{TWA}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:New York mid-air collision, 1960}}
[[Category:1960 in New York City|New York mid-air collision]]
[[Category:1960s in Brooklyn]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in 1960|New York mid-air collision]]
[[Category:Mid-air collisions]]
[[Category:Mid-air collisions involving airliners]]
[[Category:Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error]]
[[Category:Airliner accidents and incidents in New York City]]
[[Category:Accidents and incidents involving the Douglas DC-8]]
[[Category:Accidents and incidents involving the Lockheed Constellation]]
[[Category:Trans World Airlines accidents and incidents]]
[[Category:United Airlines accidents and incidents|New York mid-air collision]]
[[Category:Park Slope]]
[[Category:History of Staten Island]]
[[Category:December 1960 events in the United States|New York mid-air collision]]