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determine their own position when beginning a new survey. Survey points are usually marked on the earth's surface by objects ranging from small nails driven...

Survey markers, also called survey marks, survey monuments, or geodetic marks, are objects placed to mark key survey points on the Earth's surface. They...

the surface. Surface survey cannot detect sites or features that are completely buried under earth, or overgrown with vegetation. Surface survey may also...

visible as surface features. Using modern maps to transcribe or re-project earlier maps can help to locate these features with contemporary survey controls...

availability. The task of survey vessels is to map the bottom, and measure the characteristics of the benthic zone, full water column, and surface for the purpose...

Surface tension is the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink into the minimum surface area possible. Surface tension is what allows objects with...

exploration have been primary motivators to start survey programs, but detailed information about terrain and surface features is essential for the planning and...

Surface runoff (also known as overland flow or terrestrial runoff) is the unconfined flow of water over the ground surface, in contrast to channel runoff...

as the intersection of faults with the land surface). The maps and reports created by geological survey organisations generally aim for geographic continuity...

The National Geodetic Survey (NGS) is a United States federal agency based in Washington, D.C. that defines and manages a national coordinate system, providing...

Mine surveying is the practice of determining the relative positions of points on or beneath the surface of the earth by direct or indirect measurements...

is similar to a magnetic survey carried out with a hand-held magnetometer, but allows much larger areas of the Earth's surface to be covered quickly for...

1973, a three-day surface survey of the site was conducted by Harriet P. Martin. Consisting mainly of pottery shard collection, the survey confirmed that...

being an ocean world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all of Earth's water is contained in its global ocean, covering...

political role in the Ur III period. In 2016 the QADIS survey project, carried out an aerial and surface survey of the site. Four bricks (three re-used for a later...

An unmanned surface vehicle, unmanned surface vessel or uncrewed surface vessel (USV), colloquially called a drone boat, drone ship or sea drone, is a...

Impervious surfaces are mainly artificial structures—such as pavements (roads, sidewalks, driveways and parking lots, as well as industrial areas such...

Earth's gravitational field. This applies to the solid surface, the liquid surface (dynamic sea surface topography), and Earth's atmosphere. For this reason...

Surface-supplied diving equipment (SSDE) is the equipment required for surface-supplied diving. The essential aspect of surface-supplied diving is that...

alternative to surface survey that does not involve the collection of artefacts'. It can be faster and less time-consuming than surface survey. Advanced spaceborne...