DDoS mitigation
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DDoS mitigation is a set of techniques or tools for resisting or mitigating the impact of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks on networks attached to the Internet by protecting the target and relay networks. DDoS attacks are a constant threat to businesses and organizations by threatening service performance or to shut down a website entirely, even for a short time.[1]
The first thing to do in DDoS mitigation is to identify normal conditions for network traffic by defining "traffic patterns", which is necessary for threat detection and alerting.[2] DDoS mitigation also requires identifying incoming traffic to separate human traffic from human-like bots and hijacked web browsers. The process is done by comparing signatures and examining different attributes of the traffic, including IP addresses, cookie variations, HTTP headers, and JavaScript footprints.
After the detection is made, the next process is filtering. Filtering can be done through anti-DDoS technology like connection tracking, IP reputation lists, deep packet inspection, blacklisting/whitelisting, or rate limiting.[3][4]
One technique is to pass network traffic addressed to a potential target network through high-capacity networks with "traffic scrubbing" filters.[2]
Manual DDoS mitigation is no longer recommended due to DDoS attackers being able to circumvent DDoS mitigation software that is activated manually.[5] Other ways to prevent DDoS attacks can be implemented on-premise or/and via cloud-based solution providers. Through on-premise mitigation the technology (most commonly a hardware device) is placed in front of the network, with the disadvantage that the filtering capacity is limited to the capacity of the filtering device.[6] A middle option is to have a hybrid solution by combining on-premise filtering with cloud-base filtering.[7]
Best practices for DDoS mitigation include having both anti-DDoS technology and anti-DDoS emergency response services.[5] DDoS mitigation is also available through cloud-based providers.[2][8]
Methods of attack
DDoS attacks are executed against websites and networks of selected victims. A number of vendors are offering "DDoS resistant" hosting services, mostly based on techniques similar to content delivery networks. Distribution avoids single point of congestion and prevents the DDoS attack from concentrating on a single target.
One technique of DDoS attacks is to use misconfigured third-party networks that allow amplification[9] of spoofed UDP packets. Proper configuration of network equipment, enabling ingress filtering and egress filtering, as documented in BCP 38[10] and RFC 6959,[11] prevents amplification and spoofing, thus reducing the number of relay networks available to attackers.
See also
References
- ^ Gaffan, Marc (20 December 2012). "The 5 Essentials of DDoS Mitigation". Wired.com. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
- ^ a b c Paganini, Pierluigi (10 June 2013). "Choosing a DDoS mitigation solution…the cloud based approach". Cyber Defense Magazine. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
- ^ Geere, Duncan (27 April 2012). "How deep packet inspection works". Wired.com. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- ^ Patterson, Dan (9 March 2017). "Deep packet inspection: The smart person's guide". Techrepublic.com. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- ^ a b Tan, Francis (2 May 2011). "DDoS attacks: Prevention and Mitigation". The Next Web. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
- ^ Leach, Sean (17 September 2013). "Four ways to defend against DDoS attacks". Networkworld.com. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- ^ Schmitt, Robin (2 September 2017). "Choosing the right DDoS solution". Enterpriseinnovation.net. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- ^ Siemons, Frank (2 November 2016). "Cloud DDoS protection: What enterprises need to know". SearchCloudSecurity.com. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- ^ Christian Rossow. "Amplification DDoS".
- ^ "Network Ingress Filtering: IP Source Address Spoofing". IETF. 2000.
- ^ "Source Address Validation Improvement (SAVI) Threat Scope". IETF. 2013.