Raoellidae

Raoellidae
Indohyus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Clade:	Cetaceamorpha
Family:	†Raoellidae Sahni et al. 1981
Genera
Haqueina Dehm & Oettingen-Spielberg 1958 Indohyus Rao 1971 Khirtharia Pilgrim 1940 Kunmunella Sahni & Khare 1971 Raoella Sahni & Khare 1971 Metkatius Kumar & Sahni 1985

The Raoellidae, previously grouped within Helohyidae, are an extinct family of semiaquatic digitigrade artiodactyls in the clade Whippomorpha. Fossils of raoellids are found in Eocene strata of South and Southeast Asia.

An exceptionally complete skeleton of Indohyus from Kashmir suggests that raoellids are the "missing link" sister group to whales (Cetacea). All other Artiodactyla are relatives of these two groups. δO¹⁸ values and osteosclerotic bones indicate that the raccoon-like Indohyus was habitually aquatic, but δC¹³ values suggest it rarely fed in the water. The authors suggest that this documents an intermediate step in the transition back to water, completed by the whales.

Taxonomy

• Raoella
  • Raoella dograi
• Haqueina
  • Haqueina haquei
• Indohyus
  • Indohyus indirae
  • Indohyus major
• Kunmunella
  • Kunmunella kalakotensis
  • Kunmunella transversa
• Metkatius
  • Metkatius kashmiriensis
• Khirtharia
  • Khirtharia aurea
  • Khirtharia dayi
  • Khirtharia inflatus

Further reading

• Dehm, Richard; Oettingen-Spielberg, Therese zu (1958). Paläontologische und geologische Untersuchungen im Tertiär von Pakistan. 2. Die mitteleocänen Säugetiere von Ganda Kas bei Basal in Nordwest-Pakistan. Abhandlungen / Neue Folge, 91. Munich: Beck. OCLC 163296508. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Kumar, K.; Sahni, A. (1985). "Eocene mammals from the upper Subathu Group, Kashmir Himalaya, India". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 5 (2): 153–68. doi:10.1080/02724634.1985.10011853. OCLC 4649653478. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Pilgrim, G. E. (1940). "Middle Eocene mammals from north-west Pakistan". Proceedings of the Zoological Society. B. 110. London: 127–152. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Rao, A Ranga (1971). "New mammals from Murree (Kalakot Zone) of the Himalayan foot hills near Kalakot, Jammu and Kashmir state, India". Journal of the Geological Society of India. 12 (2): 124–34. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Sahni, A.; Bhatia, S. B.; Hartenberger, J. L.; Jaeger, J. J.; Kumar, K.; Sudre, J.; Vianey-Liaud, M. (1981). "Vertebrates from the Subathu Formation and comments on the biogeography of Indian subcontinent during the early Paleogene". Bulletin of the Geological Society of France. 23 (6): 689–95. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Sahni, A. S. H. O. K.; Khare, S. K. (1971). "Three new Eocene mammals from Rajauri District, Jammu and Kashmir". Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India. 16: 41–53. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Thewissen, JGM; Cooper, Lisa Noelle; Clementz, Mark T; Bajpai, Sunil; Tiwari, BN (20 December 2007). "Whales originated from aquatic artiodactyls in the Eocene epoch of India" (PDF). Nature. 450 (7173): 1190–4. doi:10.1038/nature06343. OCLC 264243832. PMID 18097400. Retrieved June 2013. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)