Durdzuks
The Durdzuks (Georgian: დურძუკები), also known as Dzurdzuks, was a Georgian name from The Georgian Chronicles used to describe a people in the North Caucasus, unanimously identified as the Vainakh peoples. However, The Georgian chronicles definitely indicate that the Dzurdzuks are Chechens, and the Ingush are Gligvs: «Georgian missionaries are staying in mountainous Ingushetia, Christian churches are being built here, mentions of Dzurdzuks and Gligvs (Chechens and Ingush) appear in Georgian annals.»[1]
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According to the Georgian royal annals:
ხოლო შვილთა ზედა კავკასისთა იყო უფალ დურძუკ, ძე ტირეთისი.
And as for upon the sons of Caucasus there was a lord Durdzuk, son of Tiretis.[2]
Durdzuk was mentioned by the Chronicles as "the most distinguished among the descendants of Kavkas", who led his people, the Durdzuks, into the mountains, where they would become the ancestors of today's Vainakh peoples.[3] However, The Georgian Chronicles definitely indicate that the Dzurdzuks are Chechens, and the Ingush are Gligvs: «Georgian missionaries are staying in mountainous Ingushetia, Christian churches are being built here, mentions of Dzurdzuks and Gligvs (Chechens and Ingush) appear in Georgian annals.»[1] The mighty state of Durdzuketi has been known since the 4th century BC.[4]
The name Durdzuk traces back to the ancient city north of Lake Urmia, not far from Nakhichevan / Nakhchivan.[4] Durdzuks and Nakhchmateans were remnants of the Urartians.[4]
In the Armenian Chronicles, the Durdzuks defeated Scythians and became a significant power in the area in the region in the first millennium BC.[4]
ხოლო დურძუკ, რომელი უწარჩინებულეს იყო შვილთა შორის კავკასისთა, მივიდა და დაჯდა ნაპრალსა შინა მთისასა, და უწოდა სახელი თჳსი დურძუკეთი.
And as for this Durdzuk, who was one of the most honorable sons of the Caucasus, came and set at the mountains, and gave it the name of his as Durdzuketi.[5]
Durdzuks allied themselves with Georgia, and helped the first Georgian king Pharnavaz I of Iberia consolidate his reign against his unruly vassals. The alliance with Georgia was cemented when King Pharnavaz married a Durdzuk girl.[3]
და მოიყვანა ცოლი დურძუკელთა, ნათესავი კავკასისი.
And married he [Pharnavaz] a Durdzuk wife, a relative of the Caucasus.[6]
Later on, the Durdzuks are mentioned fighting the Mongols alongside their Georgian allies as well as the Osses.[7] Durdzuk soldiers are mentioned fighting alongside Georgians against the troops of Jalal-ad-Din of Khwarezm.[3] Queen Tamar of Georgia was highly esteemed, and the Durdzuks named daughters as well as bridges and other buildings after her.[8]
The "Gate of Durdzuks" mentioned in Georgian sources is thought to have been in the Assa gorge of Ingushetia, which is a path connecting the North and South Caucasus regions.[3]
Among the Chechen teips, the teip Zurzakoy, consonant with the ethnonym Dzurdzuk, living in the Itum-Kale region of Chechnya. In 1926, on the Vashndar river in the Argun gorge of Chechnya, there was a Chechen aul (rural settlement) Zurzuk,[9] now a tract southeast of the village of Ulus-Kert.
The Durdzuks were known as the Dourts in the Geography of Armenia.[3]
See also
References
- ^ a b "Bashni v gorah. Goldstein A.F." p. 205.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Georgian royal annals, Life of Kartli, 2-20
- ^ a b c d e Anchabadze, George. "The Vainakhs." (2009).
- ^ a b c d Jaimoukha, Amjad (2004-11-10). "The Chechens". doi:10.4324/9780203356432.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Georgian royal annals, Life of Kartli, 2-23
- ^ Georgian royal annals, Life of Kartli, 3-47
- ^ Howorth, Henry Hoyle. History of the Mongols, from the 9th to the 19th century. No. 85. Burt Franklin, 1888. Page 11.
- ^ WAKIZAKA, KEISUKE. "LIVING AS “NORTH CAUCASIANS” IN GEORGIA: IDENTITY AND INTEGRATION IN GEORGIA AMONG THE OSSETIAN AND THE CHECHEN-KIST COMMUNITIES." (2019). Page 78: "According to Kartlis Tskhovreba (History of Georgia) and works of the Georgian historian Leonti Mroveli in the 11th century, these relations began before Christ. In these sources, Vainakhs are called “Nachkhs”, “Ghlighvs”, “Dzurdzuks” and “Durdzuks”. At the turn of the 4th and 3rd centuries B.C., Parnavaz, the king of Iberia, married a woman from a Vainakh tribe in order to get support from the Highlanders.209 They fought alongside the Georgian kings for centuries. Vainakhs loved Queen Tamar and named their daughters, bridges and other constructions after her. In this way, high-level interaction and fusion among Vainakhs, Georgians and many other highlander tribes existed in history .210 In the process of Vainakhs’ settlement in Georgia, they were assimilated into Georgian society. In fact, there are tribes who insist that their origins are based on Chechnya and Ingushetia among Tushs, Khevsurs, Pshavs and Georgians in Kakheti and Mtskheta-Mtianeti. Some tribes in Chechnya and Ingushetia insist that they are Georgian-origin and that they emigrated to Chechnya and Ingushetia afterward..."
- ^ "Voyenno-topograficheskaya pyativerstnaya karta Kavkazskogo kraya 1926 goda".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
Further reading
- Гамрекели В. Н., Двалы и Двалетия в I-XV вв. н. э., Тб., 1961
- Шавхелишвили А. И., Из истории взаимоотношений между грузинским и чечено-ингушским народами (С древнейших времён до XV века), Грозный, 1963