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Eva K Lee is an American applied mathematician and operations researcher who applies combinatorial optimization and systems biology to the study of health care decision making and organizational transformation. She is a professor at the H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering of Georgia Institute of Technology. She is also the Founder and Director of the Center for Operations Research in Medicine and Healthcare since 1999. She is a Distinguished Scholar in Health Systems, Health System Institute at Georgia Tech and Emory University.. Lee was named the Virginia C. and Joseph C. Mello Chair from 2017 to 2019.

Early life and education

Eva Lee was born in Hong Kong, the daughter of a wood artist. According to Lee, her mother suffered from a severe form of systemic sclerosis before Lee was born.

Lee graduated with Distinction from Hong Kong Baptist University in 1988 with a bachelor's degree in mathematics.[1] She completed her M.S. and Ph.D. in 1993 in computational and applied mathematics at Rice University. Her dissertation, Solving Structured 0/1 Integer Programs Arising from Truck Dispatching Scheduling Problems, was supervised by Robert E. Bixby.[2]

Career

Lee began her academic career as an assistant professor in the department of industrial engineering and operations research at Columbia University[3] as the first female faculty in 1994. While at Columbia, she took a leave of absence and joined The Zuse Institute Berlin (ZIB) as an NSF/NATO postdoctoral fellow in Scientific Computing in 1995. During her tenure at Columbia, Lee was trained in radiation oncology and medical physics at the Columbia University School of Medicine.

In 1999, Lee was jointly hired between Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Department of Radiation Oncology.

She founded the Center for Operations Research in Medicine and Healthcare through funds from the National Science Foundation and the Whitaker Foundation. The center focuses on biomedicine, public health, and defense, advancing domains from basic science to translational medical research; intelligent, quality, and cost-effective delivery; and medical preparedness and protection of critical infrastructures.

Lee's research focuses on mathematical programming, information technology, game theory, networks, machine learning and computational algorithms for risk assessment, decision making, predictive analytics and knowledge discovery, and systems and performance optimization. She has made major contributions in advances to business operations transformation, biomedicine and clinical research, emergency response and disaster preparedness, and healthcare operations. Her homeland security work has focused on risk assessment and protection of critical infrastructures, including healthcare, supply-chain and logistics, power plants, communication, and finance.

From 2007 to 2019. Lee served as the CDC-sponsored principle investigator of an online interoperable information exchange and decision support system, RealOpt, for mass dispensing, emergency response, and casualty mitigation.[4][5][6] RealOpt incorporates disease spread modeling[7] with response processes and dynamic real-time resource allocation. It offers efficiency and quality assurance in operations and logistics performance. RealOpt includes real-world vaccination models of 2009 H1N1, seasonal influenza, Hepatitis,A and smallpox, for both drive-through or walk-in dispensing. It currently has over 14,000+ public health site users. CDC holds monthly training session on RealOpt usage.

In 2009–2011, Lee served as a Senior Health Systems Engineer and Professor, for the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Lee provided health delivery systems evaluation and redesign expertise for the VA medical centers and health systems network. This included the area of emergency medicine, surgical service, primary care, dental service, drug and substance abuse, cardiovascular and diabetes work, mental service and care continuity, and fee-based service Since 2012  Lee also have been working with military emergency response medical leaders on protecting war fighters’ health and on rapid recovery through machine learning analysis on different types of treatment regimens for personalized treatment. Lee has also worked with VA investigators on issues related to access of care, telemedicine and remote patient monitoring, and personalized medicine particularly related to chronic disease management.

Lee was also the Co-Director of the Center for Health Organization Transformation, an NSF Industry/University Cooperative Research Center for 10 years. The NSF IUCRC program focuses on “Accelerating Impact through Partnerships”. Congressman John Lewis wrote to Lee when the center was established, commending Lee for providing the “dedication, commitment, and concern” to the community.  Working with local hospitals and organizations, Lee focuses on transformation advance that can drive our healthcare delivery that is safe, effective, efficient, timely, equitable and patient centered.[8]

Some examplery work from Lee includes the early detection of chronic diseases,[9],[10] personalized treatment design for cancer,[11][12] diabetes[13] and other diseases,[14] clinical workflow transformation, patient safety and infection control,

Lee has published over 220 research articles, and 50 government and state reports, and has received patents on innovative medical systems and devices. She is frequently tapped by a variety of health and security policymakers in Washington for her expertise in personalized medicine, chronic diseases, healthcare quality, modeling and decision support, vaccine research and national security, pandemic, and medical preparedness.

She is a prolific speaker, has presented over 60 keynote speeches, 80 invited tutorial/panelist, and over 1,000 invited conference talks.[citation needed]

Biosecurity, radiological/nuclear incidents, and disasters response

Lee's work has included collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on defenses against pandemic and biological weapons. The system she developed has decision support capabilities for modeling and optimizing the public health infrastructure for hazardous emergency response]. It is designed for use in biological and radiological preparedness, for disease outbreaks planning and response, and for natural disasters planning. It helps officials plan for dispensing facilities locations, to ensure optimal facility staffing and allocation of resources, including routing of the population and dispensing modalities. It also tracks infra-facility infection. Although Lee received numerous offers from technology companies wanting to buy the program from her and Georgia Tech, she negotiated with the university to make it available free so that any health department could use it.

Lee has contributed some major development in establishing the field of "Systems Vaccinology" and in the understanding of foundations of vaccine mechanism, how to prospectively determine the efficacy of a vaccine in clinical trial. Through machine learning and systems modeling, she was involved in the optimization of influenza vaccines, uncovering how people respond to the vaccines,[15][16][17] and vaccine immunogenicity in Yellow Fever, and Malaria.[18][19] This has critical implications to rapid vaccine design and testing, evaluation, and precision medicine where predictions can be made to determine individuals who are most benefit from vaccine and those who are not, thus protecting individuals against adverse drug effect. Along with the biological experts, the groundbreaking work in yellow fever started an entirely new field of research, now known as “Systems Vaccinology.” Systems Vaccinology is today recognized as one of the most exciting area of research in vaccine science and immunology, and has been brought to the fore with the COVID-19 crisis, where some one hundred vaccine candidates are being developed.

Lee has served on NAE/NAS/IOM, NRC, NBSB, DTRA panel committees related to biological, radiological and chemical incidents,medical countermeasures dispensing, public health and medical preparedness, and healthcare systems innovation.

In 2019, Lee was appointed a member of the Gulf War Illness Clinical Case Definition Steering Committee for the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.

She served as an expert science consultant on the Food and Drug Administration Center for Devices and Radiological Health from 2014 to 2018.

From 2015 to 2018, Lee served on the National Biodefense Science Board (National Preparedness & Response Science Board).[20] NBSB members are vital to the operations in Department of Health and Human Services. They bring a wealth of knowledge, expertise, and experience. Over the past eight years, the board has helped the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response improve federal policies and practices in disaster preparedness and response.

The NBSB federal advisory committee was created under the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act of 2006 and the Public Health Service Act. Since its inception, the board has provided recommendations on federal disaster preparedness and response issues. In the past year, the board has advised on modernizing and enhancing the nation's biosurveillance capabilities and how the department and the nation can increase community health resilience. The board has 13 voting members with a broad range of expertise in science, medicine, and public health.

In 2016, Lee served on the NBSB Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise (PHEMCE) Committee for Medical Countermeasures Preparedness Assessment Working Group. She also served on The future of the NBSB Working Group from 2016 to 2018.

From 2015 - 2017, Lee was a member on the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine "Standing Committee for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Strategic National Stockpile." The standing committee served as a venue for the exchange of ideas among federal, state, and local government agencies, the private sector, and the academic community, as well as other relevant stakeholders involved in emergency preparedness and emergency response services.

From 2008 to 2010, Lee served on the Institute of Medicine and National Research Council "Effectiveness of National Biosurveillance Systems: BioWatch and the Public Health System" Panel :For many years, concerns about bioterrorism and emerging infectious diseases have drawn attention to the need for strong surveillance systems. Experts are working to develop new and better ways to detect these biological threats as quickly as possible. One effort in this area is the Department of Homeland Security's BioWatch program. This committee was charged to evaluate the effectiveness of the BioWatch program. The study results in a public report that outlines the committee's initial progress.[21][22] Findings and recommendations are summarized in a classified report. During this period, Lee was also a member of the IOM Medical Countermeasures Dispensing Working Group.

From 2013 - 2014, Lee served as a member on the National Research Council Committee for ”Assessment of Supercritical Water Oxidation System Testing for the Blue Grass Chemical Agent-Destruction Pilot Plant.” The committee was charged to reviews and evaluates the results of the tests conducted on one of the SCWO units to be provided to Blue Grass Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant.[23]

In 2011 - 2012, Lee was involved in a classified study for Defense Threat Reduction Agency DTRA-DSRC Study on "R&D Strategy for Defending Against Chemical Agents Performed for Defense Threat Reduction Agency."

In 2008, Lee served on the National Biodefense Science Board. National Disaster Medicine Systems Assessment Panel, The National Biodefense Science Board was asked to provide feedback to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services on the review of the National Disaster Medical System and national medical surge capacity as required by the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act (PAHPA) and as specified in the Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD)-21.[24]

COVID-19 and Documentary

Since January 2020, Lee has been working with federal, state and local leaders on COVID-19 containment and mitigation, strategic testing, timing for non-pharmaceutical intervention, medical and personnel surge, resource allocation, reopening operations logistics, treatment prediction and outcome analysis, and vaccine prioritization and distribution.[25][26]

The group, called itself "Red Dawn", communicates via lengthy emails. It includes senior officials across the Department of Veterans Affairs, the State Department, the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Health and Human Services, as well as outside academics and some state health officials. Kaiser Health News first obtained the correspondence through a public records request in King County, Washington, where officials struggled as the virus set upon a nursing home in the Seattle area. It was the scene of the first major outbreak in the nation.[27]

The emails show that Lee voiced serious concerns regarding personal protective equipment supply chain disruption, asymptomatic and post-recovery transmission (from an NEJM online article in January),[28] the importance of public awareness and the roll out of non-pharmaceutical intervention. In one email, Lee wrote "Diamond Princess shows case the worst form of social gathering. It doesn't matter even though it seems the environment is unnatural. Why would it be so different than a mall with everyone walking around for 3-6  hours, eating, drinking, touching everything? or at school encloses in classrooms for multiple hours? or at work encloses in cubicles for 8 hours long?" By mid-February. Lee was pushing for school closure and business telework. The public learns that Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services (Preparedness and Response).Dr. Robert Kadlec "and the others decided to present Mr. Trump with a plan titled “Four Steps to Mitigation,” telling the president that they needed to begin preparing Americans for a step rarely taken in United States history."[29]

Lee can be seen in the documentary Totally Under Control, directed and produced by the famed Oscar-winning documentary film maker, Alex Gibney, along with Ophelia Harutyunyan, and Suzanne Hillinger.[30] Lee was credited also in the May 3 CNN special, "The Pandemic and the President."

Honors

Lee received the NSF Career young investigator award in 1995.[31] In 1999, she was awarded the Whitaker Foundation Biomedical Research Young Investigator Award on image-guided prostate cancer treatment advances, becoming the first and only person in her field to receive the honor, Her work with CDC and DeKalb Public health on "Emergency treatment response and real-time staff allocation for bioterrorism and infectious disease outbreak" was honored the INFORMS Pierskalla Best Paper Award for research excellence in HealthCare and Management Science in 2005.[32]

With Marco Zaider at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Lee was the 2007 winner of the Franz Edelman Award of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). Their work "Operations Research Answers to Cancer Therapeutics"[33] improves the survival rate of patients with prostate cancer, reduces the side effects of treatment, and reduces costs to the health care system.[34] It was the first time that the association awarded the Edelman prize for a medical treatment. The Memorial Sloan team went on to receive the 2012 INFORMS Impact Prize[32] for their use of operations research and analytics throughout the center and particularly in treating prostate cancer.

Lee is also part of the team of investigators for the work "Systems Biology of Seasonal Influenza Vaccinations in Humans[17]" who won the 2011 International Society of Vaccines Paper of the Year.[15]

She was elected to the 2015 class of fellows of INFORMS, for exceptional accomplishments in OR methodologies and to OR practice in medicine, healthcare, and emergency preparedness, with successful implementations and broad impact. And in the same year her team (Georgia Tech, Emory, CDC) won the INFORMS Daniel H. Wagner Prize for Excellence in Operations Research Practice for their work on machine learning in vaccine immunogenicity prediction.[16][35] She was listed as finalist in many other years.[32][36]

Lee, along with Brent Egan of the American Medical Association, was named the first runner-up for their work on "Machine Learning: Multi-site Evidence-based Best Practice Discovery" for the 2019 Innovative Applications in Analytics Award. The study establishes interoperability among electronic medical records from 737 healthcare sites and performs machine learning for best practice discovery.

Lee was profiled as Women of O.R. in February 2019.[37] She was inducted into the College of Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering in 2019[38] for contributions in novel cancer therapeutics, vaccine immunogenicity prediction, and public health emergency preparedness with successful implementation and broad impact.

Personal

Lee plead guilty to two counts of false statements in December 2019. In August 2020 she was sentenced to ten-month probation.[39]

Lee was a co-director for the multi-university NSF I/UCRC Center for Health Organization Transformation for 10 years.[40] The modest grant from NSF ($40,000 per year) was leveraged to build strong collaborative relationships with Atlanta healthcare centers and hospitals (members). Members provided students with first-hand clinical experience where students learnt directly on site, worked alongside nurses and physicians, observed surgeries in the operating room, documented treatment processes and patient care in the emergency department, and the intensive care units, etc.

According to NSF site[41] and court document "Multi-university Phase II and Phase III sites must have a minimum of $175,000 in cash membership fees and a minimum of three full members. After the first year of Phase II or Phase III, each site must show $175,000 minimum annually in membership fees including in-kind contributions. In-kind contributions considered to be part of the $175,000 must be approved by the Industrial Advisory Board (IAB)."

Lee's hospital members paid $50,000 cash to Georgia Tech in Phase II Year 1 as membership fee. They also paid for background screening, drug tests, parking, and in some cases monthly liability insurance, and provided IDs for all participating students each year. Lee counted membership according to the NSF criteria: she counted the cash hospitals paid for in their partnership collaboration. The members also provided in-kind contributions, including hospital access, patient data, and HIPAA training that helped shape students' intellectual growth and career-preparation. The Georgia Tech team had access to over 2.7 million patients' data.

The generous contribution of members helped train over 100 students with over 50% female students. Members worked with Lee and students on important hospital projects where true evidence-based health transformation was carried out. Students gain unique hands-on experience with big-data analytics and successful implementation experiences, expanding the innovation capacity of our nations' competitive workforce. Lee also sponsored 400 under-served K8-12 students on campus (> 50% female, 97% African American and Latina) to introduce them to center research, offer hands-on learning to gain insight into college life and STEM research experience. By all measures, the I/UCRC center led by Lee was a tremendous success in terms of its technical progress, educational value and societal impact. with numerous projects garnered practice excellence awards.

The NSF Office of Inspector General disagreed with the counting of membership. They considered only cash flow into Georgia Tech as membership fee.

On September 18, 2019 the National Science Foundation General Council issued a final Notice of Administrative Action regarding the NSF Office of the Inspector General Report of Investigation, Unfortunately, U.S. Attorney's office refused to drop charges.

In December 2019, Lee plead guilty in the U.S. District Court to lying to National Science Foundation (NSF) investigators and submitting a membership certificate with false information.[42] In August 2020, a federal judge gave Lee a lighter sentence than was requested by the prosecution, so that she can continue her work on fighting the COVID-19 pandemic in a timely manner. The 10 months probation includes sixty days of staying at home, to start in the spring of 2021.[43]

During sentencing, hospital and academic leaders described Lee as a truly gifted and selfless individual with extraordinary talents, exceptional heart, and full of love for others, who works tirelessly for the community and for the world; an individual who is committed to serving the minorities and the disadvantaged.

The case is unusual in multiple aspects: The non-compliance of NSF Office of Inspector General investigators; the refusal of U.S. Attorney to dismiss the charges; the repeated denial of Georgia Tech administrators to requests from top U.S. health officials to restore Lee's access to her computers while COVID-19 rages across the country.[44] Lee under oath insisted the hospitals were members, satisfying the membership requirement listed on the official NSF public document. U.S. District Judge Steve Jones took the exceptional step of thanking Lee for her service to the nation and urged her to continue her important work.

References

  1. ^ Eva Lee, H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, retrieved November 18, 2019
  2. ^ Eva K. Lee at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
  3. ^ For Lee's Columbia affiliation, see e.g. Gallagher, R. J.; Lee, E. K. (1997), "Mixed integer programming optimization models for brachytherapy treatment planning", Proceedings of the American Medical Informatics Association Fall Symposium, pp. 278–282, PMC 2233571, PMID 9357632
  4. ^ Lee, Eva K, Siddhartha Maheshwary, Jacquelyn Mason, William Glisson (2006). "Large-Scale Dispensing for Emergency Response to Bioterrorism and Infectious-Disease Outbreak". Interfaces/INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics (OR Applications for Homeland Defense). 36 (6): 483–625. doi:10.1287/inte.1060.0257.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Lee, Eva K, Chien-Hung Chen , Ferdinand Pietz , Bernard Benecke (2009). "Modeling and Optimizing the Public-Health Infrastructure for Emergency Response". Interfaces/INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics (Wagner Prize Issue). 39 (5): 385–501. doi:10.1287/inte.1090.0463.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Lee, Eva K, Ferdinand Pietz, Bernard Benecke, Jacquelyn Mason, Greg Burel (2013). "Advancing Public Health and Medical Preparedness with Operations Research". Interfaces/INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics (Franz Edelman Award Issue). 43 (1): 79–98. doi:10.1287/inte.2013.0676.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Lee, Eva K, CH Chen, F Pietz, B Benecke (November 13, 2010). "Disease propagation analysis and mitigation strategies for effective mass dispensing". American Medical Informatics Association Annu Symp Proc. 2010: 427–31. PMC 3041344. PMID 21347014.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Institute of Medicine (2001). "Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century". National Academy Press. p. vi.
  9. ^ Horner, Peter (April 2015), "The most interesting person in the (O.R.) world: Interview with Georgia Tech professor Eva Lee, whose applied work on biomedicine, healthcare delivery, pandemics, disaster response and other projects has global implications", OR/MS Today, 42 (2)
  10. ^ Feltus, FA, EK Lee, JF Costello, C Plass, PM Vertino (2002). "Predicting aberrant CpG island methylation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (21): 12253–12258. doi:10.1073/pnas.2037852100. PMC 218745. PMID 14519846.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Zaider, Marco Michael J Zelefsky, Eva K Lee, Kristen L Zakian, Howard I Amols, Jonathan Dyke, Gilad Cohen, Yu-Chi Hu, Alev K Endi, Chen-Shou Chui, Jason A Koutcher (2001). "Treatment planning for prostate implants using magnetic-resonance spectroscopy imaging". International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics. 47 (4): 1085–1096. doi:10.1016/S0360-3016(00)00557-5. PMID 10863082.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Lee, Eva K (2006). "Systems and methods for global optimization of treatment planning for external beam radiation therapy". US Patent 7,046,762.
  13. ^ Lee, Eva K, Xin Wei, Fran Baker-Witt, Michael D. Wright, Alexander Quarshie (2018). "Outcome-Driven Personalized Treatment Design for Managing Diabetes". Interfaces/INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics (Wagner Price Issue). 48 (5): 422–435. doi:10.1287/inte.2018.0964.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ INFORMS. "Georgia Tech Professor Eva Lee discusses Personalized medicine". INFORMS. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  15. ^ a b "ISV Paper of the Year - 2011 | ISV - The International Society for Vaccines". isv-online.org. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  16. ^ a b Lee, Eva K, Helder I. Nakaya , Fan Yuan , Troy D. Querec , Greg Burel , Ferdinand H. Pietz , Bernard A. Benecke , Bali Pulendran (October 12, 2016). "Machine Learning for Predicting Vaccine Immunogenicity". Interfaces/INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics. 46 (5): 368–390. doi:10.1287/inte.2016.0862.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ^ a b Nakaya, Helder I, Jens Wrammert, Eva K Lee, Luigi Racioppi, Stephanie Marie-Kunze, W Nicholas Haining, Anthony R Means, Sudhir P Kasturi, Nooruddin Khan, Gui-Mei Li, Megan McCausland, Vibhu Kanchan, Kenneth E Kokko, Shuzhao Li, Rivka Elbein, Aneesh K Mehta, Alan Aderem, Kanta Subbarao, Rafi Ahmed, Bali Pulendran (2011). "Systems biology of vaccination for seasonal influenza in humans" (PDF). Nature Immunology. 12 (8): 786–796. doi:10.1038/ni.2067. PMC 3140559. PMID 21743478.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ Querec, Troy D, Rama S Akondy, Eva K Lee, Weiping Cao, Helder I Nakaya, Dirk Teuwen, Ali Pirani, Kim Gernert, Jiusheng Deng, Bruz Marzolf, Kathleen Kennedy, Haiyan Wu, Soumaya Bennouna, Herold Oluoch, Joseph Miller, Ricardo Z Vencio, Mark Mulligan, Alan Aderem, Rafi Ahmed, Bali Pulendran (2009). "Systems biology approach predicts immunogenicity of the yellow fever vaccine in humans" (PDF). Nature Immunology. 10 (1): 116–125. doi:10.1038/ni.1688. PMC 4049462. PMID 19029902.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ^ Kazmin, Dmitri, Helder I Nakaya, Eva K Lee, Matthew J Johnson, Robbert Van Der Most, Robert A Van Den Berg, W Ripley Ballou, Erik Jongert, Ulrike Wille-Reece, Christian Ockenhouse, Alan Aderem, Daniel E Zak, Jerald Sadoff, Jenny Hendriks, Jens Wrammert, Rafi Ahmed, Bali Pulendran (2017). "Systems analysis of protective immune responses to RTS, S malaria vaccination in humans". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (9): 2425–2430. doi:10.1073/pnas.1621489114. PMC 5338562. PMID 28193898.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ "New national preparedness and response science board members to advise HHS". www.phe.gov. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  21. ^ Institute of Medicine and National Research Council (2009). "Effectiveness of National Biosurveillance Systems: BioWatch and the Public Health System: Interim Report". The National Academies Press: 1–30.
  22. ^ Institute of Medicine (US) and National Research Council (US) Committee (2011). "Biowatch and Public Health Surveillance: Evaluating Systems for the Early Detection of Biological Threats: Abbreviated Version". National Academies Press (US): 1–30.
  23. ^ National Research Council (2013). "Assessment of Supercritical Water Oxidation System Testing for the Blue Grass Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant -- Consensus Study Report". The National Academies Press.
  24. ^ Report From the Disaster Medicine Working Group NDMS Assessment Panel (2008). "Strategic Improvements to the National Disaster Medical System (NDMS)". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  25. ^ Lipton, Eric (April 11, 2020). "The 'Red Dawn' Emails: 8 Key Exchanges on the Faltering Response to the Coronavirus". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  26. ^ Lee, Eva (April 30, 2020). "Modeling and Evaluating Intervention Options and Strategies for COVID-19 Containment". 2020 COVID-19 Simulation Summit YouTube. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  27. ^ Pradhan, Rachana, and Christina Jewett (March 28, 2020). "Red Dawn Breaking Bad': Officials Warned About Safety Gear Shortfall Early On, Emails Show". Kaiser Health News. Retrieved November 18, 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  28. ^ Rothe, Camilla; Schunk, Mirjam; Sothmann, Peter; et al. (March 5, 2020). "Transmission of 2019-nCoV Infection from an Asymptomatic Contact in Germany". New England Journal of Medicine. 382 (10): 970–971. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2001468. PMC 7120970. PMID 32003551.
  29. ^ Lipton, Eric, David E. Sanger, Maggie Haberman, Michael D. Shear, Mark Mazzetti and Julian E. Barnes (April 11, 2020). "He Could Have Seen What Was Coming: Behind Trump's Failure on the Virus". The New York Times. Retrieved November 18, 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  30. ^ "Totally Under Control". Rotten Tomatoes. October 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  31. ^ "NSF Award Search: Award#9501584 - Career: Mixed Integer Programming-Parallelism and Applications to Statistical Analysis". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  32. ^ a b c "Eva K. Lee". INFORMS. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  33. ^ "New Prostate Cancer Treatment Wins Operations Research Award for Memorial Sloan-Kettering". INFORMS. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  34. ^ Lee, Eva K, Marco Zaider (February 2008). "Operations Research Advances Cancer Therapeutics". Interfaces/INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics (Franz Edelman Award Issue). 38 (1): 5–25. doi:10.1287/inte.1070.0327.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  35. ^ INFORMS Wagner Prize Winner, CDC, Emory, Georgia Tech (November 2015). "WINNER: Machine Learning Framework for Predicting Vaccine Immunogenicity". Retrieved November 18, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  36. ^ "Eva K. Lee", Recognizing Excellence: Award Recipients, Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences, retrieved October 18, 2019
  37. ^ "Powerful, pragmatic pioneers". OR/MS Today. 2019. doi:10.1287/orms.2019.01.14. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  38. ^ "Eva K. Lee, Ph.D. COF-4072 - AIMBE". Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  39. ^ Rankin, Bill; Journal-Constitution, The Atlanta. "Judge thanks and sentences acclaimed GA Tech coronavirus researcher". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  40. ^ "NSF Award Search: Award#1361532 - I/UCRC: Center for Health Organization Transformation". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  41. ^ "Industry/University Cooperative Research Centers Program (I/UCRC)(nsf12516)". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  42. ^ Bill Rankin, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. "Why an acclaimed Georgia Tech professor is barred from her COVID-19 research". ajc.
  43. ^ Jeffrey Mervis, Science. "Georgia Tech scientist gets lighter sentence in grant violation case because of her work on coronavirus".
  44. ^ Rankin, Bill; Journal-Constitution, The Atlanta. "Georgia Tech continues to deny professor Lee access to fight COVID-19". ajc. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
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