Monochamus
| Monochamus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Monochamus galloprovincialis | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Tribe: | Lamiini |
| Genus: | Monochamus Dejean, 1821 |
Monochamus is a genus of longhorn beetles found throughout the world. They are commonly known as sawyer beetles or sawyers, as their larvae bore into dead or dying trees, especially conifers[1] such as pines. They are the type genus of the Monochamini, a tribe in the huge long-horned beetle subfamily Lamiinae, but typically included in the Lamiini today.
If sawyer beetles infect freshly cut pine logs, they can cause a 30–40% loss in value due to the tunnels their larvae bore. It is important to process logs within a few weeks of cutting or store them in water to minimize damage.[2] Some species are known to transport phoretic Bursaphelenchus nematodes, including B. xylophilus which causes pine wilt disease.[3]
Species
Listed alphabetically:[4]
- Monochamus accri (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
- Monochamus adamitus Thomson, 1857
- Monochamus africanus Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus alboapicalis (Pic, 1934)
- Monochamus alboscutellaris Breuning, 1977
- Monochamus alternatus Hope, 1842 – Japanese pine sawyer beetle
- Monochamus aparus (Jordan, 1903)
- Monochamus asiaticus (Hayashi, 1962)
- Monochamus aurigutta Jordan, 1903
- Monochamus balteatus Aurivillius, 1903
- Monochamus basigranulatus Breuning, 1952
- Monochamus benito (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
- Monochamus bimaculatus Gahan, 1888
- Monochamus binigricollis Breuning, 1965
- Monochamus biplagiatus Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus blairi (Breuning, 1936)
- Monochamus bootangensis Breuning, 1947
- Monochamus borussus Jordan, 1903
- Monochamus buquetii (Thomson, 1858)
- Monochamus camerunensis Aurivillius, 1903
- Monochamus carolinensis (Olivier, 1792) – Carolina sawyer
- Monochamus centralis (Duvivier, 1891)
- Monochamus clamator (LeConte, 1852) – spotted pine sawyer
- Monochamus congoanus Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus conradti Breuning, 1961
- Monochamus convexicollis Gressitt, 1942
- Monochamus cribellum Jordan, 1903
- Monochamus cribrosus (Lameere, 1893)
- Monochamus dayremi Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus densepunctatus Breuning, 1980
- Monochamus distigma Jordan, 1903
- Monochamus dubius (Gahan, 1894)
- Monochamus fallax (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
- Monochamus farinosus (Bates, 1884)
- Monochamus fascioguttatus Gressitt, 1938
- Monochamus fisheri Breuning, 1944
- Monochamus flavomarmoratus Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus flavosignatus Breuning, 1947
- Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier,1795) – black pine sawyer or timberman beetle
- Monochamus grandis Waterhouse, 1881
- Monochamus granulipennis Breuning, 1949
- Monochamus gravidus (Pascoe, 1858)
- Monochamus griseofasciatus Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus griseoplagiatus Thomson, 1858
- Monochamus guerryi Pic, 1903
- Monochamus guttulatus Gressitt, 1951
- Monochamus homoeus Jordan, 1903
- Monochamus impluviatus Motschulsky, 1859
- Monochamus inexpectatus Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus irrorator (Chevrolat, 1855)
- Monochamus isochrous Jordan, 1903
- Monochamus itzingeri Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus karlitzingeri Tavakilian & Jiroux, 2015
- Monochamus kinabaluensis Hüdepohl, 1996
- Monochamus kumageinsulanus Hayashi, 1962
- Monochamus leuconotus (Pascoe, 1869) – white stem borer of coffee
- Monochamus lunifer (Aurivillius, 1891)
- Monochamus luteodispersus Pic, 1927
- Monochamus marmorator Kirby in Richardson, 1837 – balsam fir sawyer
- Monochamus marshalli Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus maruokai Hayashi, 1962
- Monochamus masaoi Kusama & Takakuwa, 1984
- Monochamus mausoni Breuning, 1950
- Monochamus melaleucus Jordan, 1903
- Monochamus millegranus Bates, 1891
- Monochamus murinus (Gahan, 1888)
- Monochamus mutator LeConte in Agassiz, 1850 – spotted pine sawyer
- Monochamus nicoletii Thomson, 1857
- Monochamus nigrobasimaculatus Breuning, 1981
- Monochamus nigromaculicollis Breuning, 1974
- Monochamus nigrovittatus Breuning, 1938
- Monochamus nitens Bates, 1884
- Monochamus notatus (Drury, 1773) – northeastern sawyer or notable sawyer[5]
- Monochamus obtusus Casey, 1891 – obtuse sawyer
- Monochamus ochraceomaculatus Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus ochreopunctatus Breuning, 1980
- Monochamus ochreosticticus Breuning, 1938
- Monochamus ogowensis (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
- Monochamus olivaceus Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus omias Jordan, 1903
- Monochamus pauper (Kolbe, 1894)
- Monochamus pheretes (Dillon & Dillon, 1961)
- Monochamus pictor (Bates, 1884)
- Monochamus plumbeus (Gahan, 1888)
- Monochamus pseudotuberosus Breuning, 1936
- Monochamus quadriplagiatus Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus regularis (Aurivillius, 1924)
- Monochamus reticulatus (Dillon & Dillon, 1959)
- Monochamus rubigineus Fairmaire, 1892
- Monochamus ruficornis (Hintz, 1913)
- Monochamus ruspator (Fabricius, 1781)
- Monochamus saltuarius Gebler, 1830 – Sakhalin pine beetle
- Monochamus sargi (Bates, 1885)
- Monochamus sartor (Fabricius, 1787)
- Monochamus scabiosus (Quedenfeldt, 1882)
- Monochamus scutellatus (Say, 1824) – white-spotted sawyer or spruce sawyer[6]
- Monochamus serratus (Gahan, 1906)
- Monochamus shembaganurensis Breuning, 1979
- Monochamus sparsutus Fairmaire, 1889
- Monochamus spectabilis (Perroud, 1855)
- Monochamus strandi Breuning, 1939
- Monochamus stuhlmanni Kolbe, 1894
- Monochamus subfasciatus (Bates, 1873)
- Monochamus subtriangularis Breuning, 1971
- Monochamus sutor (Linnaeus, 1758) – pine sawyer
- Monochamus talianus Pic, 1912
- Monochamus thoas (Dillon & Dillon, 1961)
- Monochamus thomsoni (Chevrolat, 1855)
- Monochamus titillator (Fabricius, 1775) – southern pine sawyer
- Monochamus tonkinensis Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus triangularis Breuning, 1935
- Monochamus tridentatus Chevrolat, 1833
- Monochamus tropicalis (Dillon & Dillon, 1961)
- Monochamus tuberosus (Bates, 1884)
- Monochamus unicolor Breuning, 1939
- Monochamus urussovi (Fischer von Waldheim,1806) – black fir sawyer
- Monochamus vagus (Gahan, 1888)
- Monochamus variegator Aurivillius, 1907
- Monochamus variegatus (Aurivillius, 1925)
- Monochamus verticalis (Fairmaire, 1901)
- Monochamus x-fulvum Bates, 1884
- Species brought into synonymy
- Monochamus annobonae: synonym of Insulochamus annobonae (Aurivillius, 1928)
- Monochamus thomensis: synonym of Insulochamus thomensis (Jordan, 1903)
Gallery
Three pictures of two separate sawyers found in a planting of Scots pines in Kansas.
References
- ^ The Free Dictionary (TFD) (2008): Genus Monochamus. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
- ^ Douglas Allen, "Sawyer Beetles", New York Forest Owner, May 1994
- ^ Kansas State University Extension Horticulture (KSU-EH) (2005): Pine Wilt Archived 14 August 1997 at archive.today. Version of 28 February 2005. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
- ^ Savela, Markku. "Monochamus Dejean, 1821". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms.
- ^ John Acorn and Ian Sheldon. Bugs of Ontario. Edmonton, AB:Lone Pine Publ., 2003.
- ^ Spruce Sawyer, Insects of Alberta
External links
Media related to Monochamus at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Monochamus at Wikispecies- "Genus Monochamus - Sawyers". BugGuide. Retrieved November 28, 2018.
- "Insect vectors of the pinewood nematode: a review of the biology and ecology of Monochamus species"
