Heinrich Barkhausen
Heinrich Barkhausen | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 2 December 1881 |
| Died | 20 February 1956 (aged 74) |
| Nationality | German |
| Alma mater | Technical University of Munich |
| Known for | Barkhausen effect Barkhausen stability criterion Barkhausen–Kurz oscillator |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics |
Heinrich Georg Barkhausen (2 December 1881 – 20 February 1956), born in Bremen, was a German physicist.[1]
Growing up in a patrician Bremen family, he showed interest in natural sciences from an early age. He studied at the Technical University of Munich (1901), TU Berlin (1902) and University of Munich (1903) and Berlin before obtaining a doctorate at the University of Göttingen in 1907.[1]
He became professor of electrical engineering at the Technische Hochschule Dresden in 1911[1] at the age of 29, thus obtaining the world's first chair in this discipline.
In 1919, he discovered the Barkhausen effect (named after him), which provided evidence for the magnetic domain theory of ferromagnetism.[1][2] When the magnetic field through a piece of ferromagnetic material like iron is changing, the magnetization of the material changes in a series of tiny discontinuous jumps, which can be heard as a series of clicks in a loudspeaker attached to a coil of wire around the iron. It was later determined that these jumps were caused by the movement of the magnetic domains in the iron, as the domain walls snap past defects in the crystal lattice. The energy lost in these dissipative events is responsible for the shape of the hysteresis curve of iron and other ferromagnets. This effect is widely used in research, and physics education as a simple experiment to demonstrate the reality of magnetic domains.
In 1920, he invented the Barkhausen–Kurz oscillator,[2] with K. Kurz, the first vacuum tube electronic oscillator to use electron transit-time effects.[2][3] It was the first vacuum tube oscillator that could operate at ultrahigh frequency, up to 300 MHz,[3] and inspired later microwave transit-time tubes such as the klystron.[1]
In 1921 he derived the first mathematical conditions for oscillation in electrical circuits, now called the Barkhausen stability criterion. They are widely used today in the design of electronic oscillators and general feedback amplifier circuits.
In 1933 Barkhausen signed the Loyalty Oath of German Professors to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist State.
Publications
Four-volume textbook: Lehrbuch der Elektronenröhren, Elektronenröhren und ihre technischen Anwendungen.
References
- ^ a b c d e Daintith, John (2008). Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists, 3rd Ed. CRC Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-1420072716.
- ^ a b c Petersen, J.K. (2002). Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary. CRC Press. p. 103. ISBN 084931349X.
- ^ a b Sarkar, T. K.; Robert Mailloux; Arthur A. Oliner; M. Salazar-Palma; Dipak L. Sengupta (2006). History of Wireless. John Wiley & Sons. p. 114. ISBN 0471718149.
External links
Media related to Heinrich Barkhausen at Wikimedia Commons- Works by or about Heinrich Barkhausen at the Internet Archive
