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Bernard Malissen

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Bernard Malissen, born on 29 November 1953 in Agen, is a French biology researcher specialising in immunology. Research Director at the CNRS, he was also Director of the Marseille-Luminy Immunology Centre from 1995 to 2005.

Biography

Bernard Malissen obtained his PhD in science in 1982. He joined the CNRS, where he worked with François Kourilsky and Claude Mawas. For many years, he headed an Inserm research unit in Marseille-Luminy.[1] In 1995, he became Director of the Marseille-Luminy Immunology Centre. In 2003, he was elected a member of the French Academy of sciences.[2]

Bernard Malissen is the founder and director of the Centre for Immunophenomics (CIPHE).[3]

Scientific contributions

Bernard Malissen's work focused mainly on describing the genetic recombination mechanisms that allow the synthesis of T-cell receptors (TCR)[4] - the surface receptor that triggers cell differentiation of the T-cell that carries it and contributes to the body's defences against infectious agents or tumours - and on studying their three-dimensional structure.[5]

In the 1980s, he also developed gene transfer approaches to reconstruct the TCR multi-molecular complex from scratch to study how it induces T lymphocyte activation,[6][7][8][9] and then his team developed transgenic mouse models to study T cell development and function in their physiological context.[10][11]

Using functional genomics tools, Bernard Malissen was able to describe the different types of dendritic cells - which are responsible for capturing and presenting T cell antigens particularly effectively - present in tissues such as skin and how they perform sentinel functions.[12][13][14] To understand the complexity of signal transduction networks involved in the activation of T cells and dendritic cells, Bernard Malissen is currently using so-called "omics" approaches to simultaneously measure a large number of parameters and describe how T lymphocytes function under normal and pathological conditions.

Awards and honours

  • 1982: CNRS Bronze medal
  • 1986: Prize of the Foundation for Medical Research
  • 1988: Bernard Halpern Prize
  • 1996: CNRS silver medal
  • 2005: Grand Prix de la recherche médicale de l'Inserm[1]
  • 2018: Grand Prize of the Foundation for Medical Research[15]

References

  1. ^ a b "Histoire de l'Inserm". Retrieved 2019-12-09.
  2. ^ "Académie des sciences".
  3. ^ "CIPHE".
  4. ^ Malissen, B. et al., « Direct evidence for chromosomal inversion during T-cell receptor beta-gene rearrangements », Nature, 319, 1986, p. 28-33
  5. ^ Reiser, J.B. et al., « CDR3 loop flexibility contributes to the degeneracy of TCR recognition », Nat Immunol., 4, 2003, p. 241-247
  6. ^ Malissen, B., Steinmetz, M., McMillan, M., Pierres, M. & Hood, L., « Expression of I-Ak class II genes in mouse L cells after DNA-mediated gene transfer », Nature, 305, 1983, p. 440-443
  7. ^ Malissen, B. et al., « Gene transfer of H-2 class II genes: antigen presentation by mouse fibroblast and hamster B-cell lines », Cell, 36, 1984, p. 319-327
  8. ^ Gabert, J. et al., « Reconstitution of MHC class I specificity by transfer of the T cell receptor and Lyt-2 genes », Cell, 50, 1987, p. 545-554
  9. ^ Wegener, A.M. et al., « The T cell receptor/CD3 complex is composed of at least two autonomous transduction modules », Cell, 68, 1992, p. 83-95
  10. ^ Aguado, E. et al., « Induction of T helper type 2 immunity by a point mutation in the LAT adaptor », Science, 296, 2002, p. 2036-2040
  11. ^ Liang, Y. et al., « The lymphoid lineage-specific actin-uncapping protein Rltpr is essential for costimulation via CD28 and the development of regulatory T cells », Nat Immunol., 14, 2013, p. 858-866
  12. ^ Kissenpfennig, A. et al., « Dynamics and function of Langerhans cells in vivo: dermal dendritic cells colonize lymph node areas distinct from slower migrating Langerhans cells », Immunity, 22, 2005, p. 643-654
  13. ^ Guilliams, M. et al., « Unsupervised High-Dimensional Analysis Aligns Dendritic Cells across Tissues and Species », Immunity, 45, 2016, p. 669-684
  14. ^ Baranska, A. et al., « Unveiling skin macrophage dynamics explains both tattoo persistence and strenuous removal », J. Exp. Med., 215, 2018, p. 1115-1133
  15. ^ "Grand Prix de la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale".
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