Green report
The Green report was written by Andrew Conway Ivy, a medical researcher and vice president of the University of Illinois at Chicago. Ivy was in charge of the medical school and its hospitals. The report justified testing malaria vaccines on Statesville Prison, Joliet, Illinois prisoners in the 1940s. Ivy mentioned the report in the 1946 Nuremberg Medical Trial for Nazi war criminals.[1] He used it to refute any similarity between human experimentation in the United States and the Nazis.[2]
Background
[edit]Malaria experiments in the Statesville Prison were publicized in the June 1945 edition of LIFE, entitled "Prisoners Expose Themselves to Malaria".[3]
When Ivy testified at the 1946 Nuremberg Medical Trial for Nazi war criminals, he misled the trial about the report, in order to strengthen the prosecution case.[4] Ivy stated that the committee had debated and issued the report, when the committee had not met at that time.[1][5] It was only formed when Ivy departed for Nuremberg after he requested then Illinois Governor Dwight Green to convene a group that would advise on ethical considerations concerning medical experimentation.[6] An account stated that he wrote the report on his own after he cited its existence in the trial.[4] It was later published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA).
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b "Historian examines U.S. ethics in Nuremberg Medical Trial tactics, Andrew Ivy, a medical researcher and vice president of the University of Illinois at Chicago, testifies for the prosecution at the 1946 Nuremberg Medical Trial". Larry Bernard. Retrieved 2006-09-05.
- ^ Bernard, Larry (December 5, 1996). "Historian examines U.S. ethics in Nuremberg Medical Trial tactics". Cornell Chronicle. Retrieved 2019-06-06.
- ^ Weindling, Paul (Spring 2001). "The Origins of Informed Consent: The International Scientific Commission on Medical War Crimes, and the Nuremberg Code". Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 75 (1): 37–71. doi:10.1353/bhm.2001.0049. PMID 11420451. S2CID 20239629. Archived from the original on October 23, 2008.
- ^ a b Samaan, A. E. (2013-02-08). From a Race of Masters to a Master Race: 1948 To 1848. A.E. Samaan. ISBN 9781626600003.
- ^ Morenson, Jonathan D, (2001) Undue Risk: Secret State Experiments On Humans Routledge, NY. ISBN 0-415-92835-4
- ^ Hubert, Lawrence; Wainer, Howard (2012). A Statistical Guide for the Ethically Perplexed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 423. ISBN 9781439873687.
Further reading
[edit]- Harkness, JM (November 1996). "Nuremberg and the issue of wartime experiments on US prisoners: the Green Committee". The Journal of the American Medical Association. 276 (20): 1672–1675. doi:10.1001/jama.276.20.1672. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 8922455.
- Temme, Leonard A. (December 2003). "Ethics in Human Experimentation: the Two Military Physicians Who Helped Develop the Nuremberg Code". Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 74 (12): 1297–1300. PMID 14692476.
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