Elizabeth Ashurst Biggs
Elizabeth Ashurst Biggs (1838[1] – 21 November 1905)[2] was an English novelist and advocate for women's rights and anti-slavery.
Early life and family
[edit]The eldest granddaughter of the prominent British radical lawyer William Henry Ashurst, she was born in Leicester, Leicestershire[3] in 1838. She was the daughter of Matilda Ashurst Biggs (1818–1866) and hosier Joseph Biggs (1809–1895), the brother of MP William Biggs.[4] The family spent her early years in Leicester.[5] She was close with her mother's family who remained in London. In 1841, her aunt Eliza Ashurst wrote of Elizabeth Ashurst Biggs' early political education to a friend in America. She gave the child a penny for her to donate "to help 'knock down the Corn Laws, and give poor people cheap bread' — which she learned and repeated with great pathos."[6] When a toddler is encouraged to participate in politics, especially a girl in a country that did not foresee a time when women would be allowed to vote, it is not surprising that she would grow up to become civic-minded and engaged in national and international affairs.[7]
Elizabeth Ashurst kept up the family tradition of literary output with her two sprawling novels.[8] Her aunt Eliza Ashurst Bardonneau-Narcy was among the first to translate George Sand's novels into English. Her other aunt Emilie Ashurst Venturi published translations of Giuseppe Mazzini's writings and wrote essays on his Italian nationalism in addition to producing two novels.[9] Her younger sisters also made their livings with their pens: Caroline Ashurst Biggs edited the prominent feminist newspaper The Englishwoman's Review and wrote frequently on women's rights. Maude Ashurst Biggs (1856-1933) was an advocate for Polish nationalism and translated Polish works into English, in addition to contributing 23 articles to The Englishwoman's Review. Kate Ada Ashurst Biggs (c.1859-1901) published articles in The Gentleman's Magazine.[10]
Writings
[edit]Elizabeth Ashurst Biggs published nothing in her own name, but Susan B. Anthony attributed White and Black: A Story of the Southern States (1862) to her: "Given me by the author E. Ashurst Biggs, a sister of the editor of the Englishwoman's Review Caroline Ashurst Biggs" (signed and dated 25 December 1902).[11] Substantiating this claim are two books about American politics from Elizabeth Ashurst Biggs' personal collection held by the National Library of Scotland.[12] The three-volume novel follows the fate of Americans of European and African ancestry living in the American South in the years before the Civil War. It contains strong abolitionist arguments and shows the damage the institution of slavery wrecks on both slaves and slave-owners.
In 1874, Elizabeth Ashurst Biggs published a second novel anonymously, "by the author of White and Black," called Waiting for Tidings. A signed edition to her father ["Joseph Biggs with dear love from the Author"] is held by the University of Illinois.[13] The three-volume novel tells of the unconventional life of its heroine, May Cressingham. The plot exposes the dangers British women in late 19th-century faced in a legal system that handed all their property to their husbands. It includes explicit arguments promoting legal equality of women and implicitly calls for women's suffrage.
Although Worldcat.org and others attribute these two books to both Elizabeth Ashurst Biggs and her sister Caroline, it seems more likely that Elizabeth was the sole author of both books. Several obituaries for Caroline mention her authorship of the anonymously published novel Master of Wingbourne; none attribute White and Black or Waiting for Tidings to her.[14]
Personal life
[edit]Elizabeth Ashurst Biggs was a correspondent with Giuseppe Mazzini, a dear friend of her mother's. He addressed her as "Lizzie" and "Ashurst," and she received letters and presents from him until his death.[15] In 1850-51 the family lived for several months in Genoa, Italy (Mazzini's hometown), an experience that colored her writing.[16] Her books allude to Italy, and the last volume of Waiting for Tidings takes place on the Italian coast.
She never married and lived with her father and sisters for the rest of her life.[17] She died on 21 November 1905 while living at the family home on 3 Alexandra Road in Hampstead, London, at age 67. Her will left a substantial sum (over £12,000) to her cousin on the Biggs' side, Thomas Ashley Crook, J.P.
Bibliography
[edit]- Waiting for Tidings. Volumes 1-3. London, England: Henry S. King & Co., 1874.
- White and Black: A Story of the Southern States. Volumes 1-3. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1862.
References
[edit]- ^ England & Wales, Civil Registration Birth Index, 1837-1915
- ^ England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1966, 1973-1995
- ^ 1871 England Census
- ^ Evans, R. H. (1972). The Biggs Family of Leicester (PDF). Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society. Retrieved 24 December 2018.
- ^ 1841 Census
- ^ Allison Scardino Belzer, "Three Generations of Unconventional Family Values: A Case Study of the Ashursts" Journal of Victorian Culture 20.1 (2015), 1-19.
- ^ Belzer, Family Values, 3.
- ^ "Author Information At the Circulating Library". Victorianresearch.org. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
- ^ A Dull Day, privately printed (no date) and The Owl's Nest in the City published in 1876 under the pseudonym Edward Lovel.
- ^ Spain, Jonathan (23 September 2004). "Biggs, Matilda Ashurst (1816/17–1866), campaigner for women's rights and supporter of Italian independence". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 1 (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/59172. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Biggs, E. Ashurst; Biggs, C. A (25 October 1862). "White and black a story of the southern states ..." Hurst and Blackett. Retrieved 25 October 2017 – via Open WorldCat.
- ^ [1] [dead link]
- ^ Biggs, C. A. (25 October 1874). "Waiting for tidings / 1". Henry S. King & Co. Retrieved 25 October 2017 – via Hathi Trust.
- ^ "In Memoriam: Caroline Ashurst Biggs. A Sketch of her Life. By a Friend," Women's Penny Paper, 21 September 1889.
- ^ Giuseppe Mazzini, Letters to an English Family, 3 vols, ed. E. F. Richards (New York: John Lane, 1920-1922). See letters in Vol I.38, 73 and Vol III 150, 156-58, 174, 218-220.
- ^ Mazzinis' Letters, Vol I.164-165.
- ^ See 1861, 1871, 1881, 1891, and 1901 England Census, Ancestry.com.