James Woodhouse (chemist)
James Woodhouse | |
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| James Woodhouse | |
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| Born | November 17, 1770 |
| Died | June 4, 1809 (aged 38) |
| Resting place | Saint Peter's Episcopal Churchyard |
| Alma mater | University of Pennsylvania (A.B., 1787) Perelman School of Medicine (M.D. 1792) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | chemistry, medicine |
| Notable students | Benjamin Silliman[1] Robert Hare[1] |
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James Woodhouse (17 November 1770, Philadelphia – 4 June 1809, Philadelphia) was an American surgeon and chemist.
Biography
He was the son of English emigrants to the United States.[2] He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1787, and from its medical department in 1792.[1] In 1791 he served as a surgeon in General Arthur St. Clair's expedition against the western Indians. When Joseph Priestley declined to accept the chair of chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania in 1795, Woodhouse received the appointment, which he held until his death.
He is said to have been the first to demonstrate the superiority of the Lehigh anthracite coal in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, over the bituminous coals of Virginia for intensity and regularity of heating power. He also studied potassium, nitrous oxide, identification of basalt, starch and bread making.[2] He was a member of the American Philosophical Society, and contributed to its transactions, to Samuel L. Mitchell's Medical Repository, and to John R. Coxe's Medical Museum.
Publications
- Dissertation on the Chemical and Medical Properties of the Persimmon-Tree (1792)
- Observations on the Combinations of Acids, Bitters, and Astringents (1793)
- Answer to Dr. J. Priestley's Considerations on the Doctrine of Phlogiston and the Decomposition of Water (1794)
- Young Chemist's Pocket-Companion (1797)
- Experiments and Observations in the Vegetation of Plants (1802)
He edited:
- Parkinson, Chemical Pocket-Book (Philadelphia, 1802)
- Chaptal, Elements of Chemistry (4th ed., 2 vols., 1807)
Notes
- ^ a b c Kelly, Howard A.; Burrage, Walter L. (eds.). . . Baltimore: The Norman, Remington Company.
- ^ a b Smith, Edgar Fahs (1936). "Woodhouse, James". Dictionary of American Biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
References
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gallatin, Albert H. (1889). . In Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J. (eds.). Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
Further reading
- Smith, Edgar Fahs (1918). James Woodhouse, a pioneer in chemistry, 1770-1809. Philadelphia, The John C. Winston company.
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| National | |
| Academics | |
| People | |
| Other | |
- 1770 births
- 1809 deaths
- 19th-century American chemists
- Scientists from Philadelphia
- University of Pennsylvania faculty
- University of Pennsylvania alumni
- People of colonial Pennsylvania
- American people of English descent
- Members of the American Philosophical Society
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania alumni
- Physicians from Philadelphia
- Chemists from Pennsylvania