Alonso Quijano

Alonso Quijano
Don Quixote character
Alonso Quijano (seated) beside his squire Sancho. Illustration by Wilhelm Marstrand (1810–1873).
Created by	Miguel de Cervantes
Portrayed by	Feodor Chaliapin Nikolay Cherkasov Peter O'Toole John Lithgow
In-universe information
Gender	Male
Title	Hidalgo
Occupation	Landowner
Religion	Roman Catholic
Nationality	Spanish

Alonso Quijano (Spanish: [aˈlonso kiˈxano]; spelled Quixano in English and in the Spanish of Cervantes' day, pronounced [aˈlons̺o kiˈʃano]) is the personal name of the famous fictional hidalgo (lowest nobility caste) who is better known as Don Quixote, a name he invents after falling into insanity. Alonso Quijano/Don Quixote is the leading character of the 1605/1615 novel Don Quixote de la Mancha, written by Miguel de Cervantes.

At the outset of the work (Chapter 1 of Part I) we are informed that there is confusion about what his name is. Some (imaginary) authors, the text says, disagree about whether his name was Quijada ("jaw") or Quesada, although by reasoning ("conjeturas verosímiles") one could arrive at the name Quijana. At this point, Quijano is not even mentioned as a possibility, nor is Alonso, hinting the reader into one of the most notable yet purposefully obfuscated examples of an unreliable narrator. In Chapter 49 of Part I he tells us that he was a direct descendant of Gutierre Quijada. His "real" name of Alonso Quijano is only revealed in the last chapter of Part II, and with the stated purpose of demonstrating the falseness of the spurious Part II of the pseudonymous Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda, in which work the protagonist is Martín Quijada.

Knights in the chivalric books Alonso Quijano read, which reading caused his madness, have nicknames. In Chapter 19 of Part I his squire Sancho Panza invents his first nickname, the hard-to-translate "Caballero de la Triste Figura": knight of miserable (triste) appearance (figura). Sancho explains its meaning: Don Quixote is the worst-looking man he has ever seen, thin from hunger and missing most of his teeth. After an encounter with lions, Don Quixote himself invents his second nickname, "Knight of the Lions", in Part II, Chapter 17. Both titles reference famous knights: Ysaie le Triste, the son of Tristan and Iseult, and Yvain, the Knight of the Lion.