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Exidia saccharina

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Exidia saccharina
Kandisbraune Drüsling (Exidia saccharina) - hms(2)
Captured by Hans-Martin Scheibner on April 04, 2012 [1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Auriculariales
Family: Auriculariaceae
Genus: Exidia
Species:
E. saccharina
Binomial name
Exidia saccharina
Albertini & Schweinitz, Fr., (1822)
Synonyms[1]
  • Tremella spiculosa var. saccharina Alb. & Schwein., (1805)
  • Tremella saccharina Alb. & Schwein., (1851)
  • Ulocolla saccharina Alb. & Schwein., (1888)
  • Dacrymyces saccharinus Bonord., (1910)
  • Exidia albida subsp. subrepanda P. Karst. (1891)
  • Exidia subrepanda P. Karst., (1901)

Exidia saccharina, commonly known as the pine jelly,[2] is an orange-brown jelly fungus that grows saprotrophically on dead conifers.[3] It is found most commonly throughout northern Europe.[4]

Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1805 as Tremella spiculosa var. Saccharina by German scientists Johannes Baptista von Albertini and Lewis David de Schweinitz.[5] The species was re-described by Albertini and Schweinitz as Exidia saccharina in 1822.[5] Exidia saccharina is most closely related to Exidia thuretiana and Exidiopsis spp., as determined by genetic analysis.[6]

Description

The basidiocarp of Exidia saccharina is orange-brown with a gelatinous, highly ridged texture. The basidiocarp becomes leathery, dark, and shriveled when dry.[7] Its translucent hyphae are 0.5–2.5µm in diameter, monomitic, branched, thin-walled, and form clamp connections.[8] Hyphae frequently form anastomoses.[7] Basidia are typically 13–15.5µm long, elliptical in shape, and consist of four longitudinally septate cells.[8] Basidiospores are approximately 11.7µm long with a curved, fabiform shape and thin, smooth walls.[8]

Distribution and habitat

Exidia saccharina can be found most commonly in Scandinavia, but also can be found in northern parts of Asia and North America, and rarely in Africa and South America.[4][9]

Exidia saccharina can be found in coniferous or mixed forests where it grows only on dead conifers.[3] It grows saprotrophically on species of Abies, Larix, Picea and most commonly, Pinus.[3][10][11][12] It seems to grow most preferentially on Pinus strobus.[7][13]

Conservation status

Exidia saccharina is currently listed on the register of protected and endangered fungi of Poland.[13][14]

References

  1. ^ Bensch, K. (2023). "Exidia saccharina". MycoBank Database. Retrieved 2023-05-04.
  2. ^ Raper, Chris (2022). "United Kingdom Species Inventory (UKSI)". Natural History Museum. doi:10.15468/rm6pm4. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ a b c Wang, Shurong; Thorn, R. Greg (2021). "Exidia qinghaiensis, a new species from China". Mycoscience. 62 (3): 212–216. doi:10.47371/mycosci.2021.03.002. PMC 9157777. PMID 37091320.
  4. ^ a b "Exidia saccharina Fr". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2023-05-04.
  5. ^ a b Fries, Elias (1822). Systema mycologicum : sistens fungorum ordines, genera et species, huc usque cognitas, quas ad normam methodi naturalis determinavit. Vol. 2. Lundae: Ex Officina Berlingiana. Retrieved 2023-05-04.
  6. ^ Weiß, Michael; Oberwinkler, Franz (2001-04-01). "Phylogenetic relationships in Auriculariales and related groups—hypotheses derived from nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences1 1Part 184 of the series Studies in Heterobasidiomycetes from the Botanical Institute, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany". Mycological Research. 105 (4): 403–415. doi:10.1017/S095375620100363X. ISSN 0953-7562.
  7. ^ a b c Whelden, Roy M. (1935-01-01). "Cytological Studies in the Tremel-Laceae II. Exidia". Mycologia. 27 (1): 41–57. doi:10.1080/00275514.1935.12017060. ISSN 0027-5514.
  8. ^ a b c Tohtirjap, Ablat; Hou, Shi-Xing; Rivoire, Bernard; Gates, Genevieve; Wu, Fang; Dai, Yu-Cheng (2023). "Two new species of Exidia sensu lato (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota) based on morphology and DNA sequences". Frontiers in Microbiology. 13. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.1080290. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 9973447. PMID 36866163.
  9. ^ Kinge, Tonjock Rosemary; Goldman, Gary; Jacobs, Adriaana; Ndiritu, George Gatere; Gryzenhout, Marieka (2020-05-02). "A first checklist of macrofungi for South Africa". MycoKeys. 63: 1–48. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.63.36566. ISSN 1314-4049. PMC 7015970. PMID 32089638.
  10. ^ Wojewoda, W. (1965). Grzyby (Mycota) (in Polish) (VIII ed.). Poland: Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Botaniki. pp. 137–163.
  11. ^ Govorova, O.K. (1998). "The genus Exidia (heterobasidiomycetes) from the Russian far east". Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya. 32 (2): 11–13 – via Researchgate.
  12. ^ Kirschner, R. (2010). "The synnematous anamorph of Exidia saccharina (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota): morphology, conidiogenesis and association with bark beetles". Polish Botanical Journal. 55 (2): 335–342 – via Researchgate.
  13. ^ a b Damszel, Marta; Piętka, Sławomir; Szczepkowski, Andrzej; Sierota, Zbigniew (2020). "Macrofungi on Three Nonnative Coniferous Species Introduced 130 Years Ago, Into Warmia, Poland". Acta Mycologica. 55 (2). doi:10.5586/am.55212. ISSN 2353-074X. S2CID 233841476.
  14. ^ Kujawa, Anna (2022). "Register of protected and endangered fungi of Poland (GREJ)". Polish Mycological Society. doi:10.15468/4a38vf. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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