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Martha Neumark

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Martha Neumark in 1920

Martha Neumark (1904–1981[1]) was a notable early figure in the history of women's ordination as rabbis. Neumark was widely reported to be the first Jewish woman to be accepted into a rabbinical school.[2][3]

Biography

Photo of Martha Neumark published in Chicago Sentinel

Martha Neumark was the daughter of a professor at Hebrew Union College of Reform Judaism. In 1921, Neumark became the first female student at Hebrew Union College to declare her desire to become a rabbi.[4][5] That year she requested a High Holiday pulpit for the next year, just as her male classmates would receive.[1] The president of the college told its board of governors that it made sense that if she did preach and complete the required courses, she should be ordained; this touched off a debate on women's ordination, as no woman had ever been ordained as a rabbi.[1]

The faculty approved her preaching if the congregation in question did not object, but later forbid it as she failed one of her courses.[6] However, the debate on women's ordination she had sparked continued. In 1922 Neumark and her father attended the Central Conference of American Rabbis Conference, where she succeeded in convincing the CCAR to ordain women rabbis.[7] The CCAR declared in a responsa in 1922, "...woman cannot justly be denied the privilege of ordination," having voted 56 to 11 in favor of that statement.[1] Yet the board of the college still refused to consider women for ordination, voting (as Neumark recalled) six laymen to two rabbis against it.[1][7] Neumark thus earned a qualification as a religious school principal instead of ordination, though she had spent 7 and a half years in rabbinical school.[1]

In 1925 Martha's article “The Woman Rabbi: An Autobiographical Sketch of the First Woman Rabbinical Candidate,” was published in the Jewish Tribune and Hebrew Standard.[8]

Some of her personal papers are now held in the Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives at Hebrew Union College.[9]

Following Neumark, instances of American Jewish women who studied for rabbinical ordination but were denied formal ordination include Helen Hadassah Levinthal. Levinthal was denied ordination after completing her studies in 1935.[10]

Independent Jewish Press Service

In the early 1940s, Neumark served as the executive editor of the Independent Jewish Press Service.[11]

Personal life

Martha Neumark married Henry Montor in 1924. The couple divorced in 1956. Neumark died in 1981 at the age of 77.[12]

Neumark's parents were Rabbi Dr David Neumark (1866–1924),[13] professor at Hebrew Union College and Mrs Dora Neumark (d. 1959). Her siblings were Salomea Brainin and Immanuel K. Neumark.[14]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Martha Neumark.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f McDannell, Colleen (2001-10-29). Religions of the United States in Practice - Colleen McDannell - Google Books. ISBN 0691010013. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  2. ^ "This Week in History - Reform rabbis debate women's ordination | Jewish Women's Archive". Jwa.org. 1922-06-30. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  3. ^ Marcus, Jacob Rader. The American Jewish Woman: A Documentary History, pp. 739-744.
  4. ^ "Women of Valor - Ray Frank - The First Woman Rabbi? - Women in the Rabbinate | Jewish Women's Archive". Jwa.org. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  5. ^ Sheridan, Sybil (1998). Hear Our Voice: Women in the British Rabbinate - Google Books. ISBN 9781570030888. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  6. ^ Wessinger, Catherine (1996). Religious Institutions and Women's Leadership: New Roles Inside the Mainstream - Google Books. ISBN 9781570030734. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  7. ^ a b "Personal Information for Martha Montor". Jwa.org. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  8. ^ Antler, Joyce (11 May 2010). Journey Home - Joyce Antler - Google Books. ISBN 9781439138380. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  9. ^ "Archival Resources on the History of Jewish Women in America". Womenst.library.wisc.edu. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  10. ^ "America's 1st Woman Rabbi is Ordained in Cincinnati". Athens Sunday Messenger. 4 June 1972. p. 22. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  11. ^ "Welles urges Jews to have faith", Chicago Sentinel, 15 April 1943, Page 50.
  12. ^ Daily News (New York, New York), 23 Sep 1981, Wed. Page 43.
  13. ^ The Boston Globe (Boston, Massachusetts), 16 Dec 1924, Tuesday. Page 3.
  14. ^ The Cincinnati Enquirer (Cincinnati, Ohio), 16 Jul 1959, Thursday. Page 21.
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