Army of the Po
The Army of the Po (Italian Armata del Po), numbered the Sixth Army (6a Armata), was a field army of the Royal Italian Army (Regio Esercito) during World War II (1939–45).
History
When it was initially formed on 10 November 1938 under the command of General Ettore Bastico, it comprised three corps:
- the Corpo d'Armata Autotrasportabile (Motor Transportable Corps), consisting of three divisions;
- the Corpo d'Armata Celere (Fast Corps), consisting of three celeri divisions;
- the Corpo d'Armata Corazzato (Armoured Corps), consisting of two motorised and two armoured divisions in the process of formation. These were the Ariete and Centauro armoured divisions[a] and the Trento and Trieste[b] motorised divisions.[1]
This formation was the brainchild of General Alberto Pariani, then Chief of the General Staff, who desired to combine armoured and motorised divisions into a potent force based in the Po valley and ready to move towards any of Italy's land borders at a moment's notice. By December 1938, Bastico had drawn up plans for concentrating the force around Tarvisio in the event of war with Austria or on a line from Udine to Trieste in the event of war with Yugoslavia.[2]
In 1939, six Blackshirt battalions took part in the field manoeuvres of the Army of the Po.[3] In the first half of 1940 the Centauro division was moved to Albania, where it took part in the Italian invasion of Greece later that year.[1] During the Italian invasion of France (10–25 June 1940), the Army of the Po (minus the Centauro) was held in reserve.[4]
In February 1941, the headquarters of the Army of the Po (Sixth Army) was transferred to southern Italy. On 1 March, the Armoured Corps became the XVII Corps and deployed to Albania as an infantry command. All three of the former corps of the Sixth Army took part in the invasion of Yugoslavia in April. In July 1943, the headquarters of the Sixth Army took charge of the defence of Sicily. The 6th Army suffered heavy losses against the Allies in July–August 1943 and withdrew to northern Italy for reorganization. It capitulated to the Germans upon the surrender of Italy in September 1943.[1]
Order of battle on 10 June 1940
- Army of the Po (Sixth Army), General Mario Vercellino
- Fast Corps, General Giovanni Messe
- Armoured Corps, General Fidenzio Dall'Ora
- Motor Transportable Corps: General Francesco Zingales
Order of battle on 9 July 1943 (Sicily)
- Sixth Army, General Alfredo Guzzoni
- XII Army Corps, General Mario Arisio, from 12 July: General Francesco Zingales
- XVI Army Corps, General Carlo Rossi
- 4th Infantry Division "Livorno"
- 54th Infantry Division "Napoli"
- 206th Coastal Division
- 213th Coastal Division
- XVIII Coastal Brigade
- XIX Coastal Brigade
Commanders
- Ettore Bastico (October 1938 – June 1940)
- Mario Vercellino (June 1940 – November 1940)
- Francesco Zingales (interim) (November 1940 – February 1941)
- Ezio Rosi (February 1941 – February 1943)
- Mario Roatta (February 1943 – June 1943)
- Alfredo Guzzoni (June 1943 – September 1943)[5]
Notes
References
- ^ a b c Crociani & Battistelli 2011, pp. 5–6.
- ^ Gooch 2007, p. 413.
- ^ Crociani & Battistelli 2010, p. 35.
- ^ Nafziger 1997, pp. 12–18.
- ^ Axis History
Sources
- Crociani, P.; Battistelli, P. P. (2010). Italian Blackshirt, 1935–45. Osprey Publishing.
- Crociani, P.; Battistelli, P. P. (2011). Italian Army Elite Units and Special Forces, 1940–43. Osprey Publishing.
- Gooch, John (2007). Mussolini and His Generals: The Armed Forces and Fascist Foreign Policy, 1922–1940. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Nafziger, George Francis (1997). "Italian Army, 10 June 1940" (PDF). United States Army Combined Arms Center. G. F. Nafziger. Retrieved 19 November 2014.