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Contra principia negantem non est disputandum

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Contra principia negantem non est disputandum (Latin, alternatively Contra principia negantem disputari non potest and Contra principia negantem disputari nequit; literally, "Against one who denies the principles, there can be no debate") is a principle of logic and law: in order to debate reasonably about a disagreement, there must be agreement about the principles or facts by which to judge the arguments.

History

The maxim cannot be found in Aristotle, though scholars have pointed to some Aristotelian passages that approach it in spirit.[1][2] It is sometimes said to have been used in Medieval scholastic philosophy to refer to the authority of the Aristotelian system. Duns Scotus concludes one passage of his commentary on Peter Lombard's Sentences with the statement, "If this argument is not convincing, many principles supposed by the philosophers are called into doubt; and against one who denies commonly accepted principles, discussion is impossible (contra autem negantem principia communiter recepta, non est disputandum).[3]

The maxim is sometimes cited from the seventeenth-century English legal treatise, Coke on Littleton (Co. Litt. 343), where it explains the notion of a "maxime in law."[4]

The maxim was used in Daemonologie written by King James I of Scotland and IV of England in the first question of the first book: "But I thinke it the difficiller, since ye denie the thing it selfe in generall: for as it is said in the logick schools, Contra negantem principia non est disputandum. Alwaies for that part, that witchcraft, and Witches haue bene, and are, the former part is clearelie proved by the Scriptures, and the last by dailie experience and confessions."[5]

Usage

John Lacy has a character (a physician) who quotes the maxim in the fifth act of The Dumb Lady (1672).[6]

Arthur Schopenhauer refers to it in his "The Art of Controversy,"[7] and Lenin objected to Peter Berngardovich Struve's assertion of the principle, retorting, "That depends on how these principia are formulated—as general propositions and notes, or as a different understanding of the facts of Russian history and present-day reality."[8]

Karl Popper thought the maxim expressed the relativist's irrationalist "doctrine of the impossibility of mutual understanding between different cultures, generations, or historical periods – even within science, even within physics": "The myth of the framework is clearly the same as the doctrine that one cannot rationally discuss anything that is fundamental, or that a rational discussion of principles is impossible."[9]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Joseph Agassi, Science and its history: a reassessment of the historiography of science, Springer, 2008, p. 310
  2. ^ Hans Günter Zekl, Aristoteles: Metaphysik, Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2003, p. 26
  3. ^ Joannis Duns Scoti doctoris subtilis, ordinis minorum opera omnia, editio nova, vol. 16, Paris, 1894, p. 93
  4. ^ Coke, Sir Edward; et al. (1832). The first part of the Institutes of the laws of England. J. & W.T. Clarke. p. 66. Retrieved 2010-06-15. A maxime [in law] is a proposition, to be of all men confessed and granted without proofe, argument, or discourse. Contra negantem principia non est disputandum.
  5. ^ "Daemonologie In Forme of a Dialogie Diuided into three Bookes. By James RX Printed by Robert Walde-graue, Printer to the Kings Majestie. An. 1597. Cum Privilegio Regio".
  6. ^ no info
  7. ^ Schopenhauer, Arthur (1896). tr. Bailey Saunders (ed.). The Art of Controversy. Allen & Unwin. p. 15. Retrieved 2010-06-15. In every disputation or argument on any subject we must agree about something; and by this, as a principle, we must be willing to judge the matter in question. We cannot argue with those who deny principles. Contra negantem principia non est disputandum.
  8. ^ Vladimir I. Lenin, The Economic Content of Narodism and the Criticism of It in Mr. Struve's Book, in Collected Works, 4th English Edition, Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1972, p. 433 n.
  9. ^ Karl Popper, "The Myth of the Framework," in The Myth of the Framework: In defence of science and rationality, London: Routledge, 1994, pp. 33, 59
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