Prionus laticollis
Prionus laticollis | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Coleoptera |
Family: | Cerambycidae |
Genus: | Prionus |
Species: | P. laticollis
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Binomial name | |
Prionus laticollis (Drury, 1773)
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Synonyms | |
- Prionus brevicornis Fabricius 1801 - Prionus densus Casey 1924 - Prionus frosti Casey 1924 - Prionus kempi Casey 1912 - Prionus nigrescens Casey 1924 - Prionus parvus Casey 1912 |
Prionus laticollis, also known as the broad-necked root borer, is a root-boring longhorn beetle described by Drury in 1773.[1] It is widespread throughout eastern North America: its range covers a vast swath from Quebec in the northeast to Arkansas in the southwest.[2] The larvae damage trees and other plants by feeding on their roots. They are mostly active during dusk and at night. They are good burrowers and hide at the base of oak trees and other food sources. The female is larger than the male, with an ovipositor used to deposit eggs. When the female is laying eggs, she "shivers" and eggs are laid through the ovipositor, positioned down into the soil or under litter, usually in groups of threes and twos, but sometimes ones or fours. After the eggs are laid, the female moves her ovipositor up and down to fill the hole she created. When freshly laid, the eggs are pure white, glistening with moisture, but, after a while, they usually change to a deep yellow. Within a few days, the deep yellow eggs turn to a light washed pink. As the larvae develop inside, the eggs turn ivory in color. The eggs are the size of small grains of rice. When the larvae are hatching, they chew through one of the elongated, pointed sides of the egg. The larvae's heads are adapted for digging into the soil, and they have strong black mandibles for chewing roots.[3]
Larvae tunnel downward to feed on the living roots of a variety of trees and shrubs. At first, they may feed on bark, but then proceed to hollow out small roots. They often feed on dead wood, with a preference for soft food.[4]Pupation occurs in spring, about 10 cm under the ground. During pupation parts of the digestive tract degenerate.[5] The life cycle is probably three years.
The male flies more often than the female. Males are also attracted to lights.[6]
Identification
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Prionus_Laticollis_with_ovipositer_extended_laying_eggs.jpg/220px-Prionus_Laticollis_with_ovipositer_extended_laying_eggs.jpg)
The species is distinct among the eastern American species of Prionus for its rugose-punctate elytral texture and antennae with 12 antennomeres. Other species have 12 antennomeres, but have simple punctate elytra (such as P. pocularis) or have more than 12 antennomeres (such as P. imbricornis).[2]
References
- ^ Bezark, Larry. "New World Cerambycidae Catalogue". Retrieved July 11, 2022.
- ^ a b Santos-Silva, Antonio; Nearns, Eugenio; Swift, Ian (July 4, 2016). "Revision of the American species of the genus Prionus Geoffroy, 1762 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae, Prionini)". Zootaxa. 4134 (1): 59–64. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4134.1.1. PMID 27395701 – via ResearchGate.
- ^ Goldman, Edward H. (1933). "Comparisons of the Mouth-Parts of Adult Longhorn Beetles with Reference to Their Food (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)". Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 59 (2): 85–102. ISSN 0002-8320. JSTOR 25077293. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
- ^ Goldman, Edward H. (1933). "Comparisons of the Mouth-Parts of Adult Longhorn Beetles with Reference to Their Food (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)". Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 59 (2): 85–102. ISSN 0002-8320. JSTOR 25077293. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
- ^ Benham, Gerald S. (15 September 1970). "Gross Morphology and Transformation of the Digestive Tract of Prionus laticollis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)1". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 63 (5): 1413–1419. doi:10.1093/aesa/63.5.1413. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
- ^ "Species Prionus laticollis – Broad-necked Root Borer – BugGuide.Net". bugguide.net. Retrieved 2017-08-31.