Asymmetric competition
Asymmetric competition refers to forms of business competition where firms are considered competitors in some markets or contexts but not in others.[1] In such cases, a firm may choose to allocate competitive resources and marketing actions among its competitors out of proportion to their market share.[2][3][4][5] Asymmetric competition can be visualized using techniques such as multidimensional scaling and perceptual mapping.
Forms of asymmetric competition
- Firm A may compete with B in some markets, but not others.
- Firm A competes with B over certain attributes (such as reliability and design) but not over others (price).
- Firm A considers B as a competitor, but B does not consider A to be a competitor.
- Firm A does not consider B to be a competitor, however, consumers see A's products as competing with B's products.
See also
- Competition
- Coopetition
- Product differentiation
- Non-price competition
- Information asymmetry
- Multimarket contact
- Size-asymmetric competition
- Outline of organizational theory
References
- ^ DeSarbo, Wayne S., Rajdeep Grewal, and Jerry Wind. "Who competes with whom? A demand‐based perspective for identifying and representing asymmetric competition." Strategic Management Journal 27, no. 2 (2006): 101-129.
- ^ Carpenter, Gregory S., Lee G. Cooper, Dominique M. Hanssens, and David F. Midgley. "Modeling asymmetric competition." Marketing Science 7, no. 4 (1988): 393-412.
- ^ Gonzalez-Benito, Oscar, Pablo A. Munoz-Gallego, and Praveen K. Kopalle. "Asymmetric competition in retail store formats: Evaluating inter-and intra-format spatial effects." Journal of Retailing 81, no. 1 (2005): 59-73.
- ^ Heath, Timothy B., Gangseog Ryu, Subimal Chatterjee, Michael S. McCarthy, David L. Mothersbaugh, Sandra Milberg, and Gary J. Gaeth. "Asymmetric competition in choice and the leveraging of competitive disadvantages." Journal of Consumer Research 27, no. 3 (2000): 291-308.
- ^ "The Jeff Bezos Formula for Asymmetric Competition". Forbes.
Bibliography
- Carpenter, Gregory S., Lee G. Cooper, Dominique M. Hanssens, and David F. Midgley. "Modeling asymmetric competition." Marketing Science 7, no. 4 (1988): 393-412.
- Scitovsky, Tibor. "The benefits of asymmetric markets." The Journal of Economic Perspectives 4, no. 1 (1990): 135-148.
- DeSarbo, Wayne S., Rajdeep Grewal, and Jerry Wind. "Who competes with whom? A demand‐based perspective for identifying and representing asymmetric competition." Strategic Management Journal 27, no. 2 (2006): 101-129.
- Etzion, Hila, and Edieal J. Pinker. "Asymmetric competition in B2B spot markets." Production and Operations Management 17, no. 2 (2008): 150-161.
- Ringel, Daniel M., and Bernd Skiera. "Visualizing asymmetric competition among more than 1,000 products using big search data." Marketing Science 35, no. 3 (2016): 511-534.
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