5th Liaison Squadron
5th Liaison Squadron | |
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![]() L-20 Beaver, last aircraft operated by the squadron, in Arctic markings | |
Active | 1942–1946; 1947–1949; 1949–1952; 1952–1954 |
Country | ![]() |
Branch | ![]() ![]() |
Role | light reconnaissance and transport |
Nickname(s) | Jungle Angels (CBI, World War II) |
Engagements | China-Burma-India Theater[1] |
Insignia | |
5 Liaison Sq emblem[note 1][1] | ![]() |
The 5th Liaison Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was first activated during World War II as the 5th Observation Squadron. It served as a training unit for cooperation with field artillery until 1942, when that mission was assumed by the artillery. After training in the United States, it deployed to India in 1944, where it served in combat as the 5th Liaison Squadron until V-J Day, returning to the United States for inactivation in 1946. The squadron was active in the United States as a liaison and a helicopter unit. It was last active at Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska in 1954.
History
World War II
Training in the United States
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Curtiss_O-52_Owl_%2815953055270%29.jpg/220px-Curtiss_O-52_Owl_%2815953055270%29.jpg)
The 5th Observation Squadron was activated on February 7, 1942, at Post Field, Oklahoma as the 5th Observation Squadron.[1] The squadron replaced Flight E of the 16th Observation Squadron, which had supported the Field Artillery School since 1931.[2] It was initially equipped with the Curtiss O-52 Owl observation aircraft, but also flew the Douglas B-18 Bolo bomber, and a number of light aircraft, commonly called "Grasshoppers."[1]
The 5th was assigned directly to the Office of the Chief of Air Corps and attached to the Field Artillery School,[1] providing aircraft for training with the school. However, in July 1942, the United States Army decided that field artillery units would have assigned aircraft to serve as air observation posts. These planes and pilots would be assigned to the field artillery, not the air corps, and the school to train them would be located at Post Field.[3] In August, the squadron was relieved of its attachment to the artillery school and moved to Marshall Field, Kansas to make way for the first arriving class, which began in September.[1][3]
The squadron moved to Desert Center Army Air Field, where it supported units training at the Desert Training Center, later relocating to Thermal Army Air Field in September.[1] It converted entirely to "Grasshopper" aircraft in April 1943, becoming the 5th Liaison Squadron. The pilots of these light planes were enlisted, rather than officers.[4] In October, it moved to Alamo Army Air Field, Texas[1] and prepared for movement overseas.
Combat in India and Burma
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/L-5_Sentinel.jpg/220px-L-5_Sentinel.jpg)
In February 1944, the squadron departed the United States for the China-Burma-India Theater, arriving at Ledo Airfield, India in April.[1] From August 1944 until May 1945, Tenth Air Force created the 1st Liaison Group, a provisional unit that included the 5th, along with the 19th, 71st and 115th Liaison Squadrons for operations.[5] While in the CBI Theater it flew 33,904 sorties. In the course of 14 months of operations, 40 squadron aircraft were destroyed in accidents or by enemy action,[6] on one occasion it lost three Stinson L-1 Vigilants in an attempt to rescue a downed bomber crewmember from an improvised airstrip in a jungle clearing.[7] Two squadron pilots were killed in the line of duty and two others were MIA and later declared dead.[6] It evacuated over 4,000 casualties[note 2] from makeshift jungle airstrips and carried hundreds of tons of equipment and supplies and thousands of passengers.[7]
In addition, the squadron's pilots often acted as forward air controllers, directing attacks against Japanese gun positions and troops.[8] The squadron remained in theater until late 1945, then returned to the United States and was inactivated at the Port of Embarkation, Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, in January 1946.[1]
Post war operations
A little over a year later, the squadron was activated at Greenville Army Air Base, South Carolina. It was inactivated there in April 1949.[1]
A few months later, the squadron was redesignated the 5th Helicopter Squadron. It was activated at Pope Air Force Base, North Carolina in October 1949 and equipped with Sikorsky H-5 helicopters. It was inactivated in July 1952.[1]
The squadron returned to its designation as a liaison unit and was activated at Sewart Air Force Base, Tennessee in September 1952.[1] At Sewart, it trained for Arctic operations with de Havilland Canada L-20 Beavers. It moved to Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska in April 1953 and operated the Beaver from several locations in Alaska until inactivating in July 1954.[1]
Lineage
- Constituted as the 5th Observation Squadron (Special) on January 28, 1942
- Activated on February 7, 1942
- Redesignated 5th Observation Squadron on August 8, 1942
- Redesignated 5th Liaison Squadron on April 2, 1943
- Inactivated on January 11, 1946
- Activated on October 15, 1947
- Inactivated on April 1, 1949
- Redesignated 5th Helicopter Squadron on September 27, 1949
- Activated on October 27, 1949
- Inactivated on July 22, 1952
- Redesignated 5th Liaison Squadron on August 14, 1952
- Activated on September 8, 1952
- Inactivated on June 18, 1954[1]
Assignments
- Office of Chief of Air Corps, February 7, 1942 (attached to United States Army Field Artillery School)
- Army Air Forces, March 9, 1942 (attached to Field Artillery School)
- 74th Observation Group, August 8, 1942 (attached to Field Artillery School to Aug 1942)
- 77th Observation Group, January 25, 1943
- 74th Reconnaissance Group, April 2, 1943
- IV Air Support Command (later III Tactical Air Division), August 11, 1943 (attached to 74th Tactical Reconnaissance Group, August 17 – c. September 15, 1943)
- II Tactical Air Division, October 12, 1943
- Army Air Forces, India-Burma Sector, March 28, 1944 (attached to Northern Combat Area Command, May 20 – August 1944);
- Tenth Air Force, August 21, 1944 (attached to 1st Liaison Group [Provisional], August 29, 1944, North Burma Air Task Force after May 1, 1945)
- Army Air Forces, India-Burma Sector, July 31, 1945 – January 11, 1946 (attached to North Burma Air Task Force until c. September 5, 1945)
- Ninth Air Force, October 15, 1947 (attached to 316th Troop Carrier Wing)
- Fourteenth Air Force, February 1 – April 1, 1949 (attached to 316th Troop Carrier Wing)
- Fourteenth Air Force October 27, 1949
- Tactical Air Command, August 1, 1950
- Ninth Air Force October 5, 1950 – July 22, 1952 (attached to 4415th Air Base Group after April 4, 1951)
- Eighteenth Air Force, September 8, 1952 (attached to 314th Troop Carrier Wing)
- Alaskan Air Command, April 1, 1953 (attached to 39th Air Depot Wing until April 13, 1953, then to 5039th Air Transport Group)
- 5039th Air Base Wing, July 1, 1953 – June 18, 1954
Stations
- Post Field, Oklahoma, February 7, 1942
- Marshall Field, Kansas, August 4, 1942
- Cox Army Air Field, Texas, May 18, 1943
- Desert Center Army Air Field, March 18, 1943
- Thermal Army Air Field, September 15, 1943
- Alamo Army Air Field, Texas, October 12, 1943 – February 27, 1944
- Ledo Airfield, India, April 20, 1944
- Shaduzup, Burma, April 30, 1944
- Myitkyina, Burma, 3 October 1944
- Bhamo, Burma January 22, 1945
- Kharagpur, India, c. October 3 – November 1945
- Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, January 10–11, 1946
- Greenville Army Air Base (later Greenville Air Force Base),[note 3] South Carolina, April 15, 1947 – April 1, 1949
- Pope Air Force Base, North Carolina, October 27, 1949 – July 22, 1952
- Sewart Air Force Base, Tennessee, September 8, 1952
- Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska, April 1, 1953 – June 18, 1954[1]
- Detachment at Ladd Air Force Base, Alaska
- Detachment at Bethel Air Force Station, Alaska[1]
Aircraft
- Douglas B-18 Bolo, 1942–1943
- Curtiss O-52 Owl, 1942–1943
- Aeronca L-3 Grasshopper, 1942–1943
- Stinson L-1 Vigilant, 1942–1943, 1944–1945
- Piper L-4 Grasshopper, 1942–1943, 1945, 1948–1949
- Interstate L-6 Cadet, 1942–1943
- Stinson L-5 Sentinel, 1943–1945, 1948–1949
- Stinson L-13, 1947–1948
- Sikorsky H-5, 1949–1951
- de Havilland Canada L-20 Beaver, 1952–1954[1]
Campaigns
Campaign Streamer | Campaign | Dates | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
India-Burma | April 20, 1944 – January 28, 1945 | 5th Liaison Squadron[1] | |
China Defensive | April 20, 1944 – May 4, 1945 | 5th Liaison Squadron[1] | |
Central Burma | January 29, 1945 – July 15, 1945 | 5th Liaison Squadron[1] |
See also
References
Notes
- Explanatory notes
- ^ Approved December 22, 1944.
- ^ Pelliterri, pp. 10–11. Gray claims the number was over 4,500.
- ^ This base was later renamed Donaldson Air Force Base, and should not be confused with Greenville Air Force Base (Mississippi)
- Citations
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 35–36
- ^ Clay, p. 1384, Futrell, p. 2
- ^ a b Raines, pp. 87–88
- ^ Pelliterri, p. 5
- ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 35–36, 263, 344
- ^ a b Gray, Jim (Summer 2014). "The Army Air Forces Liaison Squadrons of World War II" (PDF). Sentinel Owners and Pilots Association. Retrieved January 21, 2022.
- ^ a b Pelliterri, pp. 7–8
- ^ Pelliterri, pp. 8–9
Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
- Clay, Steven E. (2011). US Army Order of Battle 1919–1941 (PDF). Vol. 3 The Services: Air Service, Engineers, and Special Troops 1919–1941. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-98419-014-0. LCCN 2010022326. OCLC 637712205. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- Futrell, Robert F. (September 1956). "Command of Observation Aviation:A Study in Control of Tactical Airpower, USAF Historical Study No. 24" (PDF). Research Studies Institute, USAF Historical Division, Air University. Retrieved January 23, 2022.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
- Pelliterri, SMS Angelo A. (December 30, 1997). "Surdent Paper: Enlisted Pilots of World War II" (PDF). Air Force Enlisted Heritage Research Institute. Retrieved January 21, 2022.
- Raines, Edgar F., Jr. (2000). Eyes of the Artillery: The Origins of Modern U.S. Army Aviation in World War II (PDF). Army Historical Series. Washington, DC: Center of Military History. ISBN 978-1907521669. OCLC 40890911. Retrieved January 21, 2022.
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