Stalag III-C
| Stalag III-C | |
|---|---|
| Alt-Drewitz, Brandenburg | |
  Stalag III-C | |
| Coordinates | 52°37′31″N 14°36′10″E / 52.6254°N 14.6028°E |
| Type | Prisoner-of-war camp |
| Site information | |
| Controlled by |  Nazi Germany |
| Site history | |
| In use | 1939–1945 |
Stalag III-C was a German Army World War II POW camp for Allied soldiers. It was located on a plain near the village of Alt Drewitz bei Küstrin in the Neumark of the state of Brandenburg, (now Drzewice, Kostrzyn nad Odrą, Poland), about 50 mi (80 km) east of Berlin.[1]
Initially the camp served as a place of internment for several thousand soldiers and NCOs from Poland, France, Britain, Yugoslavia and Belgium. From 1943, a number of Italian POWs were also held there. From 1944, soldiers from the United States of America were kept there too. The majority of the Soviet prisoners (up to 12,000) were killed or starved to death. Most of the lower rank prisoners were sent to Arbeitskommandos to work in industry and on farms in Brandenburg. However the administration stayed with the Stammlager.[2]
Timeline
- June 1940: the camp was established 6 km (3.7 mi) from Küstrin for Belgian and French prisoners from the Battle of France.
- May to June 1941: Yugoslavian prisoners and British prisoners arrived from the Balkans Campaign.
- July 1941: Soviet prisoners taken during Operation Barbarossa arrived. They were held in separate facilities and suffered severe conditions and starvation. They were not accorded the treatment required by the Third Geneva Convention. Thousands of them died of starvation and disease.
- September 1943: Italians who had been interned because of the Italian Armistice arrived.
- September 1944: the first Americans arrived, taken prisoner as a result of the failure of Operation Market Garden or during the advance of the U.S. Army towards Germany.
- 1 December 1944: the roster showed[3] 2,036 Americans, 631 Belgians, 1,416 British, 17,568 French, 1,046 Italian, 2 Polish, 1,591 Serbian, and 13,727 Soviet prisoners.
- December 1944: more American prisoners arrived, taken prisoner in the Battle of the Bulge.
- January 31, 1945: the camp was freed by the Red Army. Many Americans escaped during the January 31, 1945 assault. The remaining American and British prisoners were eventually moved by train to Odessa on the Black Sea for repatriation.
Escapes
Joseph Beyrle was a paratrooper in the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment of the 101st Airborne Division. Captured in Normandy in June 1944 he was taken to a POW camp. He escaped twice, and when recaptured he was sent to Stalag III-C. Early in January 1945 he escaped again and made his way to a Soviet tank battalion. He convinced the legendary tank brigade commander Alexandra Samusenko (allegedly the only female tank officer of that rank in World War II) to allow him to fight with them. He is believed to be the only American serviceman to have actually fought in a Soviet unit.[4] Wounded during a German air attack, he was evacuated to a Soviet military hospital, from where he was sent to Moscow to the U.S. Embassy. (His son, John Beyrle, returned there to serve as United States Ambassador to Russia 2008–2012.)
Walter Mehlhaff was captured 19 September 1944 during while fighting with the 16th Infantry Regiment, 1st Infantry Division, on the German border. Imprisoned at Stalag III-C, he escaped from a work group early in January 1945. He made his way towards Poland and finally was taken to Odessa for repatriation.[5]
Cpl. Gustav Christian Brucker of Philadelphia PA was captured near Mortain France in August 1944 and was sent to Stalag III-C until the camp was liberated in early 1945. He did speak some German and helped with translating for fellow POW's. He recalled living on mostly stale bread and turnip soup during his days in III-C. He was discharged from the USA in Nov 1945. He died in 2004 on hospice at his daughter Kathy Brucker Haywood's home just outside Philadelphia.
See also
References
- ^ "Kostrzyn nad Odra History". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
- ^ "Tourist-Information Küstrin Nationalpark Warthemündung". tourist-info-kostrzyn.de. 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
- ^ Kriegsgefangenenlager Alt-Drewitz Stalag III-C [dead link]
- ^ Taylor, Thomas (2004). Behind Hitler's Lines: The True Story of the Only Soldier to Fight for both America and the Soviet Union in World War II. Presidio Press. ISBN 0-89141-845-8.
- ^ Testimonies from the Midwest Archived 2006-10-09 at the Wayback Machine (Registration required)
External links
- "Stalag 3C POW Camp". The Wartime Memories Project. 2012. Archived from the original on 21 August 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
- Marsh, Harold (2008). "Diary of Harold Marsh, captured Normandy, June 1944". pegasusarchive.org. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
- "Stalag III-C Reunion". American Ex-POW. June 2003. Archived from the original on 24 August 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
- Earl Chrudimsky receives medals 61 years after being wounded[dead link]