List of aircraft upset factors
The U.S. FAA lists factors of aircraft upset in the Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid[1][2] as follows:
- Turbulence causes:
- Systems anomalies:
- Flight instruments
- Autoflight systems
- Flight control and other anomalies
- Pilot-Induced
- Instrument cross-check
- Adjusting attitude and power
- Inattention
- Distraction from primary cockpit duties
- Vertigo or spatial disorientation
- Pilot incapacitation
- Improper use of airplane automation
- Pilot techniques
- Pilot induced oscillation avoidance and recovery
- Combination causes:
- Swept-wing airplane fundamentals for pilots
- Flight dynamics
- Energy states
- Load factor (flight mechanics)
- Aerodynamic flight envelope
- Aerodynamic causes:
- Angle of attack and stall
- Camber
- Control surface fundamentals
- Spoiler-type devices
- Trim
- Lateral and directional aerodynamic considerations
- Angle of sideslip
- Wing dihedral effects
- Pilot-commanded sideslip
- Crossover speed
- Static stability
- Maneuvering in pitch
- Mechanics of turning flight
- Lateral and directional maneuvering
- Flight at extremely low airspeeds
- High-altitude factors
- Stall
- icing
- Automation during high-altitude flight
- Primary flight display airspeed indications
- Human factors and high altitude upsets
- Additional considerations:
- Multi-engine flame out
- Core lock
- Engine rollback
- Flight at extremely high speeds
- Defensive, aggressive maneuvers
- Situation awareness
- Startle factor
- Negative G-force
- Use of full control inputs
- Counter-intuitive factors
- Previous training in non-similar airplanes
- Engine performance in upset situation
- Post-upset conditions
See also
References
This article incorporates public domain material from Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration.
- ^ https://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/airline_operators/training/media/AP_UpsetRecovery_Book.pdf U.S. FAA Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid, Revision 2, 443 pages, 25.8 M
- ^ Note: Partial text copied from referenced FAA or NASA document. As a public work of the U.S. Government, the document is in the public domain and has no copyright.