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Sistema Cheve

Coordinates: 17°51′N 96°48′W / 17.85°N 96.80°W / 17.85; -96.80
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Chevé Cave
Map
LocationSierra Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico
Coordinates17°51′N 96°48′W / 17.85°N 96.80°W / 17.85; -96.80
Dimensions1,484 metres (4,869 ft) deep

Chevé Cave (/ˈtʃeɪveɪ/ CHAY-vay; Template:Lang-es) is a deep cave located in the Sierra Juárez mountain range in the southern Mexico state of Oaxaca. As of 2003, its deepest point has been measured at 4,869 feet (1,484 m) deep, making it the second deepest known cavern in Mexico and the Western Hemisphere, as well as the world’s 12th deepest cave.[1] The cave's deepest known point is nearly one vertical mile and seven horizontal miles from the entrance, ending in a terminal sump. The present limit of exploration in Chevé, at 9.3 kilometers from the nearest entrance, represents one of the most remote locations ever attained inside any cave on Earth. The logistics of reaching this point are enormous: more than two kilometers of rope need to be rigged and three underground camps established.[2] Chevé is the deepest proven freshwater hydrological system in the world.[3] Temperatures in Chevé are moderate, ranging from 47 to 52 °F (8 to 11 °C). It has been most thoroughly explored under the leadership of caver Bill Stone.[4]

Exploration history

Chevé Cave was discovered in the mid-1980s by Bill Farr and Carol Vesely. Since then it has been pushed to the depth of 1,484 metres (4,869 ft), making it the second deepest cave in the Americas. The cave system has the greatest proven depth potential in the world as proven by a dye trace from its main entrance to the resurgence 2547 meters lower. The current terminus of the main Chevé system is a large breakdown pile reached after diving through two sumps. It is just over 9 kilometers from the entrance, making it currently one of the most remote underground locations on earth. Due to the logistical difficulties of continuing exploration from this point, current expeditions are focusing on finding mid-way entrances that might provide a quicker route into the middle Chevé system.[5]

On March 1, 1991, Indiana caver, Christopher Yeager, made a fatal mistake while rappelling the 23-meter drop in Chevé Cave.[6] Eleven days after the accident, Yeager was buried in a passage near where he fell.[7] On February 8, 1992, almost a year after his death, a team of Yeager’s caving friends used ropes and pulleys to pull his body to the surface which was returned to his family in Indiana.[8]

Hypothesized connection to J2

In 2004, an international caving expedition led by the U.S. Deep Caving Team discovered a new cave they named J2. The entrance of J2 located 5 kilometers northeast of the Chevé Cave entrance. J2 appears to head in the direction of Chevé Cave, with a predicted intersection beyond the tunnel collapse that stopped the team in 2003. Current expeditions are underway to find a connection between J2 and Chevé Cave, which will produce a cave system more than 2 kilometers in depth. The integration of the entire system will produce a 2,597 meter deep cave and would represent the deepest cave in the world.[9][10]

Archaeology

Pre-Hispanic peoples used Chevé Cave for their ceremonial practices. In the Cuicatec region, most beliefs focus on a mystical figure called Señor del Cerro who dwells in Chevé and curers souls are said reside to there. Numerous Cuicatec artifacts have been found within its passages. On January 24 and 25, 1988, the Chevé Archaeological Project (CAP) led by American archaeologist Janet Fitzsimmons in cooperation with archaeologists from the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH) Oaxaca division, explored, recorded and mapped portions of the cave. They discovered impressive jade beads, a wooden mask, in situ vessels, buried human remains and obsidian blades, believed to have been used in bloodletting ceremonies. The greatest find of the survey was a turquoise mosaic tablet that was discovered in Chamber 1 of the cave, named the Cueva Chevé Tablet. The tablet dates to the Late Postclassic Period (1250–1500 AD). One quadrant pattern includes a battle scene with winners and losers. The cave was also likely used from the Classic Period (250–750 AD), and evidence that the cave continues to be used ceremonially today by the local Cuicatecs.[11] In the spring of 1990 and 1991, three archaeological chambers in the cave were excavated by a team of speleologists and archaeologists from the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH). Chevé Cave quickly gained notoriety as the deepest cave in the Western Hemisphere and foot track to the cave increased significantly. A decision was made to take the artifacts to the Oaxaca Regional Museum of INAH so they were not looted and to prevent further humidity damage.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ Gulden, Bob. "World's Deepest Caves". NSS Geo2. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  2. ^ "2013 J2 Expedition". 14 March 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  3. ^ Frederick, Donald (19 October 1992). "Exploring Sistema Cheve: More Than Records at Stake". Observer Reporter. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  4. ^ Zasky, Jason (July 2010). "To the Supercave". Failure Magazine. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  5. ^ Covington, Matt. "Sistema Cheve". www.speleophysics.com. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  6. ^ Taber, James. "Blind Descent: Into the Deepest Caves on Earth". npr.org. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  7. ^ Tapie, Mauricio. "El Sistema Cheve, uno de los systems de caverns max profundas del mundo (Oaxaca)". Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  8. ^ "Body of Caver Who Died March 1, Pulled to the Surface". Orlando Sentinel. February 17, 1992. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  9. ^ Lillestolen, Jon. "2009 J2 Expedition". usdct.org. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  10. ^ "2013 J2 Expedition". usdct.org.
  11. ^ Fitzsimmons, Janet. "Cave Rituals in Oaxaca, Mexico" (PDF). cavetexas.org. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  12. ^ Janet, Fitzsimmons (1997). "Cueva Cheve Tablet" (PDF). Journal of Cave and Karst Studies. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
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