Rubratoxin

Rubratoxins are hepatotoxic mycotoxin produced by Penicillium rubrum and Penicillium purpurogenum. Rubratoxin A and rubratoxin B have been known since 1950s, while rubratoxin C was recently reported.^[1] Rubratoxins are also known as protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) specific inhibitor. The PP2A inhibitory activity of rubratoxin A is about 100-fold higher than rubratoxin B ^[2] and rubratoxin A is now used as a chemical probe for PP2A research.

Rubratoxin A
Rubratoxin B
Rubratoxin C

References

^ Chen, Ri-Dao; Yan, Zheng; Zou, Jian-Hua; Wang, Nan; Dai, Jun-Gui (2014-09-01). "Rubratoxin C, a new nonadride derivative from an endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. F-14". Chinese Chemical Letters. 25 (9): 1308–1310. doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2014.03.040.
^ Wada, Shun-ichi; Usami, Ihomi; Umezawa, Yoji; Inoue, Hiroyuki; Ohba, Shun-ichi; Someno, Tetsuya; Kawada, Manabu; Ikeda, Daishiro (2010-03-01). "Rubratoxin A specifically and potently inhibits protein phosphatase 2A and suppresses cancer metastasis". Cancer Science. 101 (3): 743–750. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01438.x. ISSN 1349-7006. PMID 20028386.

[1] Chen, Ri-Dao; Yan, Zheng; Zou, Jian-Hua; Wang, Nan; Dai, Jun-Gui (2014-09-01). "Rubratoxin C, a new nonadride derivative from an endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. F-14". Chinese Chemical Letters. 25 (9): 1308–1310. doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2014.03.040.

[2] Wada, Shun-ichi; Usami, Ihomi; Umezawa, Yoji; Inoue, Hiroyuki; Ohba, Shun-ichi; Someno, Tetsuya; Kawada, Manabu; Ikeda, Daishiro (2010-03-01). "Rubratoxin A specifically and potently inhibits protein phosphatase 2A and suppresses cancer metastasis". Cancer Science. 101 (3): 743–750. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01438.x. ISSN 1349-7006. PMID 20028386.

[1]

[2]