George Pereira

George Pereira
Nickname(s)	"Hoppy"
Born	(1865-01-26)26 January 1865 Marylebone, London, England
Died	20 October 1923(1923-10-20) (aged 58) Batang, Sichuan, Tibet
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service / branch	British Army
Years of service	1884–1919
Rank	Brigadier General
Unit	Grenadier Guards
Commands	43rd Brigade (1918) 47th Brigade (1916–17)
Battles / wars	Boxer Rebellion Second Boer War First World War
Awards	Companion of the Order of the Bath Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George Distinguished Service Order Croix de guerre (France)

Brigadier General George Edward Pereira, CB, CMG, DSO (26 January 1865 – 20 October 1923) was a British Army officer, writer, diplomatist, and explorer in Central Asia, Tibet and Western China.

Early life and family

George Pereira was descended from an old Roman Catholic family of Portuguese origins, which had profited in the 19th century from the Chinese trade, notably in Macao. He was eldest of the three sons of Edward Pereira by the Hon. Margaret Anne Stonor, eighth daughter of Thomas Stonor, 3rd Baron Camoys of Stonor Park, Oxfordshire. He was educated at The Oratory School in Edgbaston, where his younger brother Edward Pereira ('E.P.') (1866–1939) was later principal and benefactor. A third brother was Major General Sir Cecil Pereira (1869–1942), a distinguished commander in the Second Boer War and the First World War.

Soldier

George Pereira was commissioned into the Grenadier Guards as a lieutenant on 23 August 1884, and was promoted to captain on 4 November 1896. Promoted to major on 2 May 1900, he served in China (1900) with the 1st Chinese Regiment, where he received the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) for his services during the Boxer Rebellion. In April 1902 he was in charge of bringing to South Africa a reinforcement of 500 officers and men of the Grenadier Guards for the 2nd and 3rd Battalions of the regiment, serving there during the Second Boer War. The war ended shortly after their arrival, in June 1902, and he returned home with other men of the 2nd battalion on the SS Galeka in October 1902.

During the First World War, he served on the Western Front as officer commanding the 47th Brigade (from January 1916 to November 1917) and then the 43rd Brigade (1918). He was one of the great characters of the 16th Division. Known to the men as 'Hoppy' because of lameness after a riding accident, he was an irascible fire-eater and firm disciplinarian; characteristics he combined with an obvious concern for the welfare of his men. "Every officer and soldier of his brigade swears by him", one of his battalion commanders wrote.

Explorer

Pereira had served as British Military attaché in Peking from 1905 to 1910 and was fluent in Chinese. He made many adventurous journeys in China and Tibet, frequently travelling thousands of miles on foot. He was the first European to walk from Peking to Lhasa, when he described the Amne Machin massif in eastern Tibet in 1921-2, sometimes reckoned among the great geographical discoveries of the twentieth century.

His journey from Yunnan along the Tibetan border in 1923 was his last, as he died of some internal trouble just before reaching Kantze (where he was buried), near Batang, Sichuan, in October 1923.

His journals of Chinese exploration were edited shortly after his death. Further extracts from his journals have been published recently (2004–) in the Guards' Magazine, edited by his great nephew, Edward Pereira.

References

• Sir Francis Younghusband (ed. and intro.), Peking to Lhasa; The Narrative of Journeys in the Chinese Empire Made by the Late Brigadier-General George Pereira (London: Constable and Company, 1925)
• DNB article by his brother, Major-General Sir Cecil Pereira