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Poetry of Sappho

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Sappho was an ancient Greek lyric poet from the island of Lesbos. She wrote around 10,000 lines of poetry, only a small fraction of which survives today.

Textual history

Sappho probably wrote around 10,000 lines of poetry; today, 650 survive.[1] Around the second century BC, these were edited into a critical edition by scholars in Alexandria. The Alexandrian edition of Sappho's poetry was divided up into a number of books: the exact number is uncertain, though there seem to have been at least eight.[2] These books were probably divided up by metre, as ancient sources tell us that each of the first three books contained poems in a single specific metre.[3]

In addition to the Alexandrian edition, at least some of Sappho's poetry was in circulation in the ancient world in other collections. The Cologne Papyrus on which the Tithonus poem is preserved was part of a Hellenistic anthology of poetry.[4]

Today, most of Sappho's poetry is lost. The two major sources of surviving fragments of Sappho are quotations in other ancient works, from a whole poem to as little as a single word, and fragments of papyrus, many of which were discovered at Oxyrhynchus in Egypt.[5] Other fragments survive on other materials, including parchment and potsherds.[6] The oldest surviving fragment of Sappho currently known is the Cologne papyrus which contains the Tithonus poem;[7] it dates back to the third century BC.[8]

Poems

Fragment Number Sources Meter lines
Fragment 1 P. Oxy. 2288; D.H. Comp. 23 Sapphic stanza 28
Fragment 2 PSI 1300 Sapphic stanza 17[a]
Fragment 3 P. Berol. 5006; P. Oxy. 424 Sapphic stanza 18
Fragment 4 P. Berol. 5006 Sapphic stanza 10
Fragment 5 P. Oxy. 7; P. Oxy. 2289; P. GC Sapphic stanza 20
Fragment 6 P. Oxy. 2289 perhaps Sapphic stanza 15
Fragment 7 P. Oxy. 2289 Sapphic stanza 7
Fragment 8 P. Oxy. 2289 5
Fragment 9 P. Oxy. 2289; P. GC Sapphic stanza 20
Brothers Poem[b] P. Oxy. 2289; P. Sapph. Obbink Sapphic stanza 24
Fragment 12 P. Oxy. 2289 Sapphic stanza 9
Fragment 15[c] P. Oxy. 1231 Sapphic stanza 12
Fragment 16 P. Oxy. 1231; PSI 123; P. GC Sapphic stanza 20[d]
Fragment 16A P. Oxy. 1231; PSI 123; P. GC Sapphic stanza 12
Fragment 17 PSI 123; P. Oxy. 1231; P. Oxy. 2166(a); P. Oxy. 2289; P. GC Sapphic stanza 20
Fragment 18 P. Oxy. 1231; P. GC 15
Fragment 18A P. GC 9
Fragment 19 P. Oxy. 1231 Sapphic stanza 12
Fragment 20 P. Oxy. 1231 Sapphic stanza 24
Fragment 21 P. Oxy. 1231; Apollonius Dyscolus Sapphic stanza 15
Fragment 22 P. Oxy. 1231 Sapphic stanza 19
Fragment 23 P. Oxy. 1231 Sapphic stanza 14
Fragment 24a P. Oxy. 1231 Sapphic stanza 8
Fragment 24b P. Oxy. 2166 Sapphic stanza 5
Fragment 24c P. Oxy. 1231 Sapphic stanza 9
Fragment 24d P. Oxy. 1231 Sapphic stanza 7
Fragment 25 P. Oxy. 1231 Sapphic stanza 7
Fragment 26 P. Oxy. 1231, P. Sapph. Obbink Sapphic stanza 16
Fragment 27 P. Oxy. 1231 Sapphic stanza 13
Fragment 28a P. Oxy. 1231 4
Fragment 28b P. Oxy. 1231 5
Fragment 28c P. Oxy. 1231 5
Fragment 29a P. Oxy. 1231 4
Fragment 29b P. Oxy. 1231 5
Fragment 29c P. Oxy. 1231; P. Oxy. 2166 11
Fragment 29d P. Oxy. 1231 4
Fragment 29e P. Oxy. 1231 3
Fragment 29f P. Oxy. 1231 7
Fragment 29g P. Oxy. 2081 4
Fragment 29h P. Oxy. 2166 8
Fragment 29i P. Oxy. 2166 5
Fragment 30 P. Oxy. 1231 Sapphic stanza 9
Fragment 31 Longinus Sapphic stanza 17
Fragment 32 Apollonius Dyscolus Sapphic stanza 2
Fragment 33 Apollonius Dyscolus Sapphic stanza 2
Fragment 34 Eustathius Sapphic stanza 5
Fragment 35 Strabo Sapphic stanza 1
Fragment 36 Etymologicum Genuinum Sapphic stanza? 1
Fragment 37 Etymologicum Genuinum Sapphic stanza 3
Fragment 38 Apollonius Dyscolus Sapphic stanza 1
Fragment 39 Scholiast on Aristophanes Peace Sapphic stanza 3
Fragment 40 Apollonius Dyscolus Sapphic stanza 2
Fragment 41 Apollonius Dyscolus Sapphic stanza 2
Fragment 42 Scholiast on Pindar Sapphic stanza 2
Fragment 43 P. Oxy. 1232 ]-uu-ux, possibly Glyconic with 2x dactylic expansion 9
Fragment 44 P. Oxy. 1232 Glyconic with 2x dactylic expansion 34[e]
Fragment 44Aa P. Fouad. 239 ]-uu-uu-ux, possibly Glyconic with 2x dactylic expansion 12
Fragment 44Ab P. Fouad. 239 xx-uu-[ 10
Fragment 45 Apollonius Dyscolus Glyconic with 2x dactylic expansion 1
Fragment 46 Herodian Glyconic with 2x dactylic expansion 2
Fragment 47 Maximus of Tyre Glyconic with 2x dactylic expansion 2
Fragment 48 Julian Glyconic with 2x dactylic expansion 2
Fragment 49 Hephaestion; Plutarch Glyconic with 2x dactylic expansion 2[f]
Fragment 50 Galen Glyconic with 2x dactylic expansion 2
Fragment 51 Chrysippus Glyconic with 2x dactylic expansion 1
Fragment 52 Herodian Glyconic with 2x dactylic expansion? 1
Fragment 53 Scholiast on Theocritus Glyconic with 2x choriambic expansion 1
Fragment 54 Julius Pollux Glyconic with 2x choriambic expansion 1
Fragment 55 Stobaeus Glyconic with 2x choriambic expansion 4
Fragment 56 Chrysippus Glyconic with 2x choriambic expansion 3
Fragment 57 Athenaeus ll.1–2 uncertain; l.3 Glyconic with 2x choriambic expansion 3
Pre-58 (Oxyrhynchus) P. Oxy. 1787 Acephalous Hipponacteans with internal double-choriambic expansion[13] 10
Pre-58 (Cologne) P. Köln inv.21351+21376 Acephalous Hipponacteans with internal double-choriambic expansion[14][g]} 8
Fragment 58 P. Oxy. 1787; P. Köln inv.21351+21376 Acephalous Hipponacteans with internal double-choriambic expansion 12
Post-58 (Oxyrhynchus) P. Oxy. 1787 Acephalous Hipponacteans with internal double-choriambic expansion 4
Fragment 59 P. Oxy. 1787 3
Fragment 60 P. Halle. 3 ]-uu-u-x, possibly acephalous hipponacteans with 2x choriambic expansion 11
Fragment 61 P. Oxy. 1787 2
Fragment 62 P. Oxy. 1787 x-uu--uu-[, possibly acephalous hipponacteans with 2x choriambic expansion 12
Fragment 63 P. Oxy. 1787 x-uu--uu-[, possibly acephalous hipponacteans with 2x choriambic expansion 10
Fragment 64a P. Oxy. 1787 15
Fragment 64b P. Oxy. 1787 4
Fragment 65 P. Oxy. 1787 x-uu-[, possibly acephalous hipponacteans with 2x choriambic expansion 11
Fragment 66a P. Oxy. 1787 3
Fragment 66b P. Oxy. 1787 4
Fragment 66c P. Oxy. 1787 3
Fragment 67a P. Oxy. 1787 x-uu-[, possibly acephalous hipponacteans with 2x choriambic expansion 8
Fragment 67b P. Oxy. 1787 7
Fragment 68a P. Oxy. 1787 ]uu--uu-u-x, possibly acephalous hipponacteans with 2x choriambic expansion 12
Fragment 68b P. Oxy. 1787 6
Fragment 69 P. Oxy. 1787 3
Fragment 70 P. Oxy. 1787 ]--uu-[ 14
Fragment 71 P. Oxy. 1787 8
Fragment 72 P. Oxy. 1787 ]uu--uu-u-x, possibly acephalous hipponacteans with 2x choriambic expansion 8
Fragment 73a P. Oxy. 1787 -]uu-u-x, possibly acephalous hipponacteans with 2x choriambic expansion 9
Fragment 73b P. Oxy. 1787 -]uu-u-x, possibly acephalous hipponacteans with 2x choriambic expansion 3
Fragment 74a P. Oxy. 1787 6
Fragment 74b P. Oxy. 1787 3
Fragment 74c P. Oxy. 1787 4
Fragment 74d P. Oxy. 1787 3
Fragment 75a P. Oxy. 1787 8
Fragment 75b P. Oxy. 1787 5
Fragment 75c P. Oxy. 1787 5
Fragment 76 P. Oxy. 1787 7
Fragment 77a P. Oxy. 1787 9
Fragment 77b P. Oxy. 1787 6
Fragment 77c P. Oxy. 1787 4
Fragment 78 P. Oxy. 1787 7
Fragment 79 P. Oxy. 1787 6
Fragment 80 P. Oxy. 1787 6
Fragment 81 P. Oxy. 1787; Athenaeus acephalous hipponacteans with 2x choriambic expansion 7
Fragment 82a Hephaestion acephalous hipponacteans with 2x choriambic expansion 1
Fragment 82b P. Oxy. 1787 acephalous hipponacteans with 2x choriambic expansion 5
Fragment 83 P. Oxy. 1787 7
Fragment 84 P. Oxy. 1787 7
Fragment 85a P. Oxy. 1787 4
Fragment 85b P. Oxy. 1787 3
Fragment 86 P. Oxy. 1787 ]-uu--uu-u-x, possibly acephalous hipponacteans with 2x choriambic expansion 8
Fragment 87a P. Oxy. 1787 9
Fragment 87b P. Oxy. 1787 4
Fragment 87c P. Oxy. 1787 2
Fragment 87d P. Oxy. 2166 10
Fragment 87e P. Oxy. 2166 4
Fragment 87f P. Oxy. 2166 8
Fragment 88a P. Oxy. 2290 -[ ]u--uu-u[-x||
x-[ ]--uu-[u-x||
-[ ]uu-u-x|||		 28
Fragment 88b P. Oxy. 2290 -[ ]u--uu-u[-x||
x-[ ]--uu-[u-x||
-[ ]uu-u-x|||		 10
Fragment 90a P. Oxy. 2293 47[h]
Fragment 90b P. Oxy. 2293 15[i]
Fragment 90c P. Oxy. 2293 7
Fragment 90d P. Oxy. 2293 18
Fragment 90e P. Oxy. 2293 4
Fragment 91 Hephaestion acephalous hipponacteans with 2x choriambic expansion 1
Fragment 92 P. Berol. 9722 xx-u[ 16
Fragment 93 P. Berol. 9722 ]uu-u- 5
Fragment 94 P. Berol. 9722 glyconic ||
glyconic ||
glyconic with dactylic expansion|||		 29
Fragment 95 P. Berol. 9722 -u-xx-[
xx-uu-[
xx-uu-u[ (possibly the same as fr.96)		 16
Fragment 96 P. Berol. 9722 creticus; 3x glyconics; baccheus||| 36
Fragment 97 P. Berol. 9722 uncertain 27[j]
Fragment 98a Pap. Haun. 301 glyconic||glyconic||creticus glyconic||| 12
Fragment 98b Pap. Mediol. 32 glyconic||glyconic||creticus glyconic||| 9
Fragment 100 Pollux uncertain 1
Fragment 101 Athenaeus perhaps: glyconic||glyconic||glyconic with dactylic expansion||| 4
Fragment 101A Demetrius uncertain; perhaps glyconic||hipponactean|| 4
Fragment 102 Hephaestion iambus glyconic bacchius 2
Fragment 103 P. Oxy. 2294 10
Fragment 103Aa P. Cair. Mediol. 7 9
Fragment 103Ab P. Cair. Mediol. 7 4
Fragment 103B P. Oxy. 2308 ]--uu--[ 5
Fragment 103Ca P. Oxy. 2357 8
Fragment 103Cb P. Oxy. 2357 6
Fragment 104a Demetrius l.1: 6 dactyls catalectic, l.2 iamb|pherecratean with 2x dactylic expansion 2
Fragment 104b Himerius uncertain 1
Fragment 105a Syrianus on Hermogenes 6 dactyls catalectic 3
Fragment 105b Demetrius 6 dactyls catalectic 2
Fragment 106 Demetrius 6 dactyls catalectic 1
Fragment 107 Apollonius Dyscolus uncertain 1
Fragment 108 Himerius 1
Fragment 109 Homeric Parsings 1
Fragment 110 Hephaestion pherecratean with dactylic expansion 3
Fragment 111 Hephaestion uncertain, perhaps pherecratean||iamb||acephalous pherecratean with dactylic expansion||iamb||| 8
Fragment 112 Hephaestion choriambus bacchius choriambus bacchius|| 5
Fragment 113 Dionysius of Halicarnassus 3x ionics? 2
Fragment 114 Demetrius l.1 3 choriambus bacchius; l.2 uncertain 2
Fragment 115 Hephaestion pherecratean with 2x dactylic expansion 2
Fragment 116 Servius uncertain 1
Fragment 117 Hephaestion 3 iambs catalectic? 1
Fragment 117A Hesychius 1
Fragment 117Ba Marius Plotius Sacerdos 1
Fragment 117Bb Marius Plotius Sacerdos 1
Fragment 118 Hermogenes uncertain 2
Fragment 119 Scholiast on Aristophanes Plutus uncertain 1
Fragment 120 Etymologicum Magnum glyconic with choriambic expansion 2
Fragment 121 Stobaeus uncertain 2
Fragment 122 Athenaeus uncertain 1
Fragment 123 Ammonius creticus hipponactean? 1
Fragment 124 Hephaestion --uu-uu-(x-u-u--) 1
Fragment 125 Scholiast on Aristophanes' Thesmophoriasuzae uncertain 1
Fragment 126 Etymologicum Genuinum uncertain 1
Fragment 127 Hephaestion ithyphallicus|ithyphallicus|| 1
Fragment 128 Hephaestion 3cho ba 1
Fragment 129a Apollonius Dyscolus uncertain 1
Fragment 129b Apollonius Dyscolus uncertain 1
Fragment 130 Hephaestion gld 4
Fragment 132 Hephaestion uncertain 3
Fragment 133 Hephaestion ia 2io anacl 2
Fragment 134 Hephaestion 3 io anacl 1
Fragment 135 Hephaestion 3 io 1
Fragment 136 Scholiast on Sophocles' Electra pher2d 1
Fragment 137 Aristotle Alcaic 7
Fragment 138 Athenaeus ia ^gl or ia ^gl ia 2
Fragment 139 Philo 2
Fragment 140 Hephaestion pher2c 2
Fragment 141 Athenaeus ll.1 and 4 ^pher?
ll.2-3 and 5-6 uncertain		 6
Fragment 142 Athenaeus 6 da^ (pher3d) 1
Fragment 143 Athenaeus 6 da^ (pher3d) 1
Fragment 144 Herodian glxd 2
Fragment 145 Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius 1
Fragment 146 Tryphon pherd 1
Fragment 147 Dio Chysostom uncertain 1
Fragment 148 Scholiast on Pindar uncertain 2
Fragment 149 Apollonius Dyscolus pherxd? 1
Fragment 150 Maximus of Tyre gl2c? 2
Fragment 151 Etymologicum Genuinum pherc 1
Fragment 152 Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius glxd? 2
Fragment 153 Atilius Fortunatianus uncertain 1
Fragment 154 Hephaestion ^gl ba|| 2
Fragment 155 Maximus of Tyre cr| ^hippd or cr ^gl 1
Fragment 156 Demetrius possibly gl2d 2
Fragment 157 Etymologicum Genuinum Sapphics? 1
Fragment 158 Plutarch 2 ad? 2
Fragment 159 Maximus of Tyre uncertain 1
Fragment 160 Athenaeus Sapphics? 2
Fragment 161 P. Bouriant 1
Fragment 162 Choeroboscus 1
Fragment 163 Julian 1
Fragment 164 Apollonius Dyscolus 1
Fragment 165 Apollonius Dyscolus 1
Fragment 166 Athenaeus glc 2
Fragment 167 Athenaeus glxd 1
Fragment 168 Marius Plotinus Sacerdos Sapphics? 1
Fragment 168A Etymologicum Genuinum gl? 1
Fragment 168B Hephaestion ^hipp|| 4
Fragment 168C Demetrius Alcaics? 1

Glosses

These fragments are isolated words quoted by other ancient authors, arranged alphabetically.

Fragment Number Sources
Fragment 169 Scholiast on the Iliad
Fragment 169A Hesychius, Lexicon
Fragment 170 Strabo, Geography
Fragment 171 Photius, Lexicon
Fragment 172 Maximus of Tyre, Orations
Fragment 173 Choeroboscus on Theodosius
Fragment 174 Orion, Lexicon
Fragment 175 Apollonius Dyscolus, Adverbs
Fragment 176 Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae
Fragment 177 Julius Pollux
Fragment 179 Phrynichus
Fragment 180 Hesychius
Fragment 181 Scholiast on Dionysius of Thrace
Fragment 182 Scholiast on the Iliad
Fragment 183 Porphyry on the Iliad
Fragment 184 Choeroboscus on Theodosius
Fragment 185 Philostratus, Images
Fragment 186 John of Alexandria
Fragment 187 Homeric Parsings
Fragment 188 Maximus of Tyre
Fragment 189 Phrynichus
Fragment 190 Scholiast on the Iliad
Fragment 191 Julius Pollux
Fragment 192 Julius Pollux

Testimonia

Fragment Number Sources
Fragment 194 Himerius
Fragment 194A Michaelis Italici
Fragment 195 Demetrius
Fragment 196 Aristides
Fragment 197 Libanius
Fragment 198a Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius
Fragment 198b Scholiast on Theocritus
Fragment 198c Pausanius
Fragment 199 Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius
Fragment 200 Scholiast on Hesiod
Fragment 201 Aristotle
Fragment 203a Athenaeus
Fragment 203b Eustachius
Fragment 203c Scholiast on Iliad
Fragment 204a Scholiast on Pindar
Fragment 204b Pausanias
Fragment 205 Aulius Gellius
Fragment 206 Servius on Virgil
Fragment 207 Servius on Virgil
Fragment 208 Himerius
Fragment 209 Eustachius
Fragment 210 Scholiast on Theocritus
Fragment 211a Pseudo-Paelephatus
Fragment 211b Pliny
Fragment 211c Aelian
Fragment 212 Comes Natalis
Fragment 213 P. Oxy. 2292
Fragment 213Aa P. Oxy. 2506
Fragment 213Ab P. Oxy. 2506
Fragment 213Ac P. Oxy. 2506
Fragment 213Ad P. Oxy. 2506
Fragment 213Ae P. Oxy. 2506
Fragment 213Af P. Oxy. 2506
Fragment 213Ag P. Oxy. 2506
Fragment 213Ah P. Oxy. 2506
Fragment 213Ai P. Oxy. 2506
Fragment 213Ak P. Oxy. 2506
Fragment 213B PSI (Ommaggio all' XI congresso internationale di papirologia, Florence 1965, 16s.)
Fragment 214 Pausanias
Fragment 215 Demetrius
Fragment 216 Philostratus
Fragment 217 Philostratus
Fragment 218 Himerius
Fragment 219 Maximus of Tyre
Fragment 220 Himerius
Fragment 221 Himerius
Fragment 222 Menander
Fragment 223 Philostratus
Fragment 224 Horace
Fragment 225 Horace
Fragment 226 Scholiast on metre of Pindar
Fragment 227 Hephaestion
Fragment 228 Hephaestion
Fragment 229 Hephaestion
Fragment 230 Caesius Bassus
Fragment 231 Atilius Fortunatianus
Fragment 232 Hephaestion
Fragment 233 Photius
Fragment 234 Servius on Virgil
Fragment 235 Suda
Fragment 236 Hephaestion
Fragment 237 Dionysius of Halicarnassus
Fragment 238 Atilius Fortunatianus
Fragment 239 Marius Victorinus
Fragment 240 Scholiast on Hephaestion
Fragment 242 Marius Victorinus
Fragment 243 Servius
Fragment 244 Seneca
Fragment 245 Strabo
Fragment 246 Aristoxenus
Fragment 247 Menaechmus
Fragment 248 Suda
Fragment 249 Eusebius
Fragment 250 Athenaeus
Fragment 251 Parian marble
Fragment 252 P. Oxy. 1800
Fragment 253 Suda
Fragment 254a Herodotus
Fragment 254b Strabo
Fragment 254c Athenaeus
Fragment 254d Photius
Fragment 254e Suda
Fragment 254f Appian
Fragment 254g Tzetzes
Fragment 255 Scholiast on Plato
Fragment 256 Aelian
Fragment 257 Suda
Fragment 258 Maximus of Tyre
Fragment 259 Scholiast on Lucian
Fragment 260a Horace
Fragment 260b Porphyrio
Fragment 260c Dionysius Latinus
Fragment 261 Ovid
Fragment 262 Tatian
Fragment 263 Heroides 15
Fragment 264 Strabo

Uncertain authorship

Fragments which may be by either Sappho or Alcaeus of Mytilene.

Fragment Number Sources Lines
Fragment 1 Scholiast to Odyssey 1
Fragment 2 Etymologicum Genuinum 1
Fragment 3 Apollonius Dyscolus 1
Fragment 4 Homeric Parsings 1
Fragment 5a Herodian 1
Fragment 5b Herodian 1
Fragment 5c Herodian 1
Fragment 6 Anonymous grammarian 1
Fragment 10 Herodian 2
Fragment 11 Herodian 1
Fragment 12 Homeric Parsings 1
Fragment 14 Homeric Parsings 1
Fragment 15a Zenobius 1
Fragment 15b Scholiast on Aelius Aristides 1
Fragment 16 Hephaestion 3
Fragment 18 Anonymous 2
Fragment 19 Apollonius Dyscolus 1
Fragment 20 Zonaras 1
Fragment 21 Hephaestion 2
Fragment 22 Hephaestion 1
Fragment 23 Philodemus 1
Fragment 25 Scholiast on Theocritus 1
Fragment 25A Etymologicum Genuinum 1
Fragment 25B Etymologicum Magnum 1
Fragment 25C Eustathius 2
Fragment 27 P.Vind. 29777 3
Fragment 28 P. Oxy. 2299 8
Fragment 29 P. Oxy. 2299 2
Fragment 30 P. Oxy. 2299 8
Fragment 31a P. Oxy. 2299 15
Fragment 31b P. Oxy. 2299 4
Fragment 32 P. Oxy. 2299 11
Fragment 33 P. Oxy. 2299 3
Fragment 34a P. Oxy. 2299 17
Fragment 34b P. Oxy. 2299 5
Fragment 35 P. Oxy. 2299 8
Fragment 36a P. Oxy. 2299 6
Fragment 36b P. Oxy. 2299 4
Fragment 37 P. Oxy. 2299 13
Fragment 38 P. Oxy. 2299 3
Fragment 39 P. Oxy. 2299 3
Fragment 40 P. Oxy. 2299 4
Fragment 41 P. Oxy. 2299 7
Fragment 42 P. Oxy. 2378 16

Notes

  1. ^ Voigt numbers the lines 1a, followed by 1–16;[9] line 1a is not in the Lesbian dialect and may not have been part of the original poem.[10]
  2. ^ Follows fragment 9 in Alexandrian edition, called fr.9a by e.g. West 2014, overlaps with fr.11 LP (omitted from Voigt).
  3. ^ Voigt has 15a and 15b
  4. ^ Voigt gives 32 lines; P. GC shows that the final 12 lines of Voigt are a separate poem (16A)
  5. ^ Voight numbers the lines up to 34, including l.3a, which is entirely lost[11]
  6. ^ Though often presented as a single fragment, the lines come from two separate sources, and Rayor & Lardinois 2014 follow Parker 2006 in taking the fragments as separate.[12]
  7. ^ West calls the base of the metre Hagesichoreans rather than Acephalous Hipponacteans;[15] Acephalous Hipponacteans is the standard terminology, however[3]
  8. ^ Voigt divides 90a into Col. II, ll.1–27, and Col. III, ll.11–30
  9. ^ Voigt numbers from l.5
  10. ^ ll.1–12 and 19–23 are illegible

References

  1. ^ Rayor & Lardinois 2014, p. 7.
  2. ^ Yatromanolakis 1999, p. 181.
  3. ^ a b Lidov 2011b. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFLidov2011b (help)
  4. ^ Clayman 2011.
  5. ^ Rayor & Lardinois 2014, pp. 7–8.
  6. ^ Rayor & Lardinois 2014, p. 8.
  7. ^ West 2005, p. 1.
  8. ^ Obbink 2011.
  9. ^ Voigt 1971, p. 33.
  10. ^ McEvilley 1972, p. 324.
  11. ^ Voigt 1971, p. 66.
  12. ^ Rayor & Lardinois 2014, p. 114.
  13. ^ Lidov 2011a.
  14. ^ Skinner 2011.
  15. ^ Skinner 2011, note 2.

Works cited

  • Clayman, Dee (2011). "The New Sappho in a Hellenistic Poetry Book". Classics@. 4. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Lidov, Joel (2011b). "Acceptance or Assertion: Sappho's New Poem in its Books". Classics@. 4. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Lidov, Joel (2011b). "The Meter and Metrical Style of the New Poem". Classics@. 4. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • McEvilly, Thomas (1971). "Sappho, Fragment 94". Phoenix. 25 (1). {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Obbink, Dirk (2011). "Sappho Fragments 58–59: Text, Apparatus Criticus, and Translation". Classics@. 4. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Rayor, Diane; Lardinois, André (2014). Sappho: A New Edition of the Complete Works. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Skinner, Marylin B. (2011). "Introduction". Classics@. 4. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Voigt, Eva-Maria, ed. (1971). Sappho et Alcaeus: Fragmenta (in Latin). Amsterdam: Polak & Van Gennep. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • West, Martin. L. (2005). "The New Sappho". Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. 151. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Yatromanolakis, Dimitrios (1999). "Alexandrian Sappho Revisited". Harvard Studies in Classical Philology. 99. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
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