Marginal-zone B cell
Marginal zone B cells are noncirculating mature B cells that in humans segregate anatomically into the marginal zone (MZ) of the spleen[1] and certain other types of lymphoid tissue.[2] The spleen's marginal zone contains multiple subtypes of macrophages and dendritic cells interlaced with the MZ B cells; it is not fully formed until 2 to 3 weeks after birth in rodents and 1 to 2 years in humans.[3] The MZ B cells within this region typically express high levels of IgM, CD21, CD1, CD9 with low to negligible levels of secreted-IgD, CD23, CD5, and CD11b that help to distinguish them phenotypically from follicular (FO) B cells and B1 B cells. In humans the splenic marginal zone B cells have evidence of somatic hypermutation in their immunoglobulin genes, indicating that they have been generated through a germinal centre reaction to become memory cells.[4] In humans, but not rodents, marginal zone B cells are also located in the inner wall of the subcapsular sinus of lymph nodes, the epithelium of tonsillar crypts, and the sub-epithelial area of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues including the sub-epithelial dome of intestinal Peyer's patches.[2]
Similar to B1 B cells, MZ B cells can be rapidly recruited into the early adaptive immune responses in a T cell independent manner.[5] The MZ B cells are especially well positioned as a first line of defense against systemic blood-borne antigens that enter the circulation and become trapped in the spleen.[6] It is believed they are especially reactive to bacterial cell wall components and self-antigens which are the products of aging.[5] MZ B cells also display a lower activation threshold than their FO B cell counterparts with heightened propensity for plasma cell differentiation that contributes further to the accelerated primary antibody response.[7]
In specimens where the tyrosine kinase for Pyk-2 has been knocked-out, marginal zone B-cells will fail to develop while B-1 cells will still be present.[5]
MZ B-cells are the only B-cells dependent on NOTCH2 signaling for proliferation.[5]
Marginal zone B cells are the malignant cells in marginal zone lymphomas, a heterogeneous group of generally indolent lymphomas.[8]
References
- ^ Martin F, Kearney JF (2002). "Marginal-zone B cells". Nat Rev Immunol. 2 (5): 323–335. doi:10.1038/nri799. PMID 12033738.
- ^ a b Cerutti A, Cols M, Puga I (February 2013). "Marginal zone B cells: virtues of innate-like antibody-producing lymphocytes". Nature Reviews. Immunology. 13 (2): 118–32. doi:10.1038/nri3383. PMC 3652659. PMID 23348416.
- ^ MacLennan IC, Bazin H, Chassoux D; et al. (1985). "Comparative analysis of the development of B cells in marginal zones and follicles". Adv Exp Med Biol. 186: 139–144.
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Dunn-Walters, DK; Isaacson, PG; Spencer, J (1995). "Analysis of mutations in immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes of microdissected marginal zone (MGZ) B cells suggests that the MGZ of human spleen is a reservoir of memory B cells". J. Exp. Med. 182: 559–566. doi:10.1084/jem.182.2.559. PMC 2192131. PMID 7629512.
- ^ a b c d Hardy, Richard (2008). "Chapter 7: B Lymphocyte Development and Biology". In Paul, William (ed.). Fundamental Immunology (Book) (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 237–269. ISBN 0-7817-6519-6.
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(help) - ^ Balazs M, Martin F, Zhou T; et al. (2002). "Blood dendritic cells interact with splenic marginal zone B cells to initiate T-independent immune responses". Immunity. 17 (3): 341–352. doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(02)00389-8.
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Lopes-Carvalho T, Foote J, Kearney JF (2005). "Marginal zone B cells in lymphocyte activation and regulation". Curr Opin Immunol. 17 (3): 244–250. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2005.04.009.
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Bron D, Meuleman N (September 2019). "Marginal zone lymphomas: second most common lymphomas in older patients". Current Opinion in Oncology. 31 (5): 386–393. doi:10.1097/CCO.0000000000000554. PMID 31246587.