Tamaeva IV
| Tamaeva IV | |
|---|---|
| Queen of Rimatara | |
 The young queen, the regent, group of chiefs and inhabitants of Rimatara, c. 1889 | |
| Reign | 1876–1892 |
| Predecessor | Tamaeva III |
| Successor | Tamaeva V |
| Born | c. 1870s |
| Died | 12 November 1892 |
| Burial | Royal Sepulchre, Amaru Cemetery |
| Father | Tamaeva III |
| Religion | Protestantism |
Tamaeva IV (died 1892) was the reigning queen of the Polynesian island of Rimatara who ruled from 1876 until her death in 1892. French sources refer to her as Temaeva, and one Australian newspaper called her Te Maere, while her tombstone in Rimatara gives her name as Tamaeva.
Biography
Her father was King Tamaeva III of Rimatara, an island kingdom which also controlled the neighboring coral atoll of Nororotu (or Îles Maria), a claim it disputes with the neighboring kingdom of Rurutu. She was born during the period of westernization of the island and the Christian conversion of the islanders to the Protestant faith.[1] Sources differ on her actual age and her date of birth, although it is certain that Tamaeva was only a teenager at the time of her death, which would place her birth in the early 1870s. Because of her youth and inexperience, her aunt Heimataura[2]: 112 served as regent.
She had a close relationship with the neighboring island of Rurutu, which was also ruled by an adolescent monarch, King Teuruarii IV. They would also share the same positions as the last independent rulers in the Austral Islands outside the sphere of French colonial control.[3][4]: 747 Hearing reports that the neighboring Cook Islands had been declared a protectorate of the British, a nation considered more friendly than the French due to the islands' adherence to the Protestant faith, the queen decided to ally herself with Great Britain. On 27 November 1888, the monarchs of both islands visited Rarotonga to ask for British protection against further French aggression. They sent a formal petition to Queen Victoria seeking protectorate status for the two kingdoms.[5][6][7][8] The request was ultimately refused.[9]
The efforts of the two were in vain because the French responded immediately to what they presumed to be a threat to their interests in the Pacific. On 29 March 1889, the French warship Dives landed on Rimatara with the colonial governor of French Oceania, Étienne Théodore Lacascade, on board, and he had Rimatara and Îles Maria declared a French protectorate..[2][10] The French version of the story was that the Queen and chiefs had personally petitioned Governor Lacascade to take over the islands, but British sources believed the whole affair to be largely contrary to the desire of the majority of the islanders.[11] As a sign of the newly declared protectorate, the French tricolor was added to the canton of the kingdom's flag in 1891.[12][13]
In 1892, French Protestant missionary Frédéric Vernier[14]: 701 of the Paris Evangelical Missionary Society described Queen Tamaeva as "a girl of sixteen or seventeen years". During his stay, he witnessed the restoration and reopening of the church in the capital, Amaru, which was celebrated with much fanfare.[15]: 152
She died on 12 November 1892 and was succeeded by her aunt who reigned as Tamaeva V.[16] Her remains were interred in the Royal Sepulchre at the Cemetery of Amaru, outside the settlement facing the sea; she was laid to rest beside other members of the Tamaeva royal line.[17][18]
References
- ^ William Ellis (1832). "Rimatara". Polynesian researches during a residence of nearly eight years in the Society and Sandwich Islands. Vol. 3 (Second ed.). Fisher, Son & Jackson. pp. 388–393.
- ^ a b Annuaire des établissements français de l'Océanie pour 1892. Papeete: Imp. du gouvenement. 1892. pp. 111–112, 207–208. OCLC 80559531.
- ^ Jean-Louis Tamatoa Candelot (July 1999). "Opera-bouffe sous les tropiques: Lorsque deux petits royaumes voulurent devenir anglais... (Histoire de Rurutu et Rimatara)". Tahiti-Pacifique Magazine, n° 99. Archived from the original on 2013-02-03.
- ^ Sir James Knowles (1886). The Nineteenth Century, Volume 20. Henry S. King & Co. p. 747.
- ^ National Library of New Zealand. "Papers Past - ENGLAND AND THE ISLANDS. (Auckland Star, 1888-12-29)". Retrieved 16 April 2017.
- ^ National Library of New Zealand. "Papers Past - A Petition for a Protectorate. (Evening Post, 1888-12-31)". Retrieved 16 April 2017.
- ^ National Library of New Zealand. "Papers Past - FRENCH AGGRESSION IN THE PACIFIC. (Evening Post, 1882-06-02)". Retrieved 16 April 2017.
- ^ National Library of New Zealand. "Papers Past - West Coast Times. TUESDAY, JANUARY 8, 1889. (West Coast Times, 1889-01-08)". Retrieved 16 April 2017.
- ^ French Polynesia – Britannica Online Encyclopedia
- ^ Trouillet, Jean-Paul (1889). Questions coloniales. Paris: Lanier et ses fils. pp. 345–349. OCLC 361798825.
- ^ National Library of New Zealand. "Papers Past - ISLAND NEWS. MORE ANNEXATION. FRENCH PROTECTORATE OVER RURUTU AND RIMUTARA. (Te Aroha News, 1889-05-22)". Retrieved 16 April 2017.
- ^ Sache, Ivan (21 March 2009). "Rimatara (Austral Islands, French Polynesia)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
- ^ "Drapeau de Rimatara". Tahiti Heritage. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ Gerald H. Anderson, ed. (1999). Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions (Reprint ed.). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 701. ISBN 0802846807.
- ^ George Cousins, ed. (1892). The Chronicle. London Missionary Society. pp. 152, 268.
- ^ Cahoon, Ben (2000). "French Polynesia". WorldStatesman.org. Worldstatesman organization. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "Sépultures royales des Arii Tamaeva". Tahiti Heritage. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ "Cimetière de Amaru". Tahiti Heritage. Retrieved 7 May 2012.