Dadens
Dadens | |
|---|---|
Village | |
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| Coordinates: 54°11′15″N 132°59′00″W / 54.18750°N 132.98333°W |
Dadens (daa.adans), also referred to as Tartenee and Tatense by some early European settlers and Tatense Reserve 16 under the Indian Act is village on the southern coast of Langara Island (Xaad Kil: K'íis Gwáayaay[1]) belonging to the Haida Nation on the archipelago Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada. Dadens was once a popular trading post for the North Pacific fur trade among European traders in the late 18th century, due to its size and accessibility.[2] Dadens no longer continues to be used by families year round, but it was used as a fishing village during the summer months by many Haida up until the 1950s and 1960s, and is still used to a limited extent today. There have been multiple migrations of families from Dadens to South East Alaska [3] and these people are now known as the Kiagani Haida.
People
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Haida families broadly belong to one of two matrilineal moieties or clans; those being the Eagle and the Raven clans, however, each family group has their own unique lineages and sub lineages represented by symbols or crests.[4] This is the practice Haida have followed in the past however it does not necessarily mean all Haida follow this practice today. According to George F. MacDonald in Haida Monumental Art, at the first point of European contact, Dadens was owned by the Middle Town People, the Yahgu Laanaas Raven Clan.
European relations & fur trade
Initial contact
The first recorded mention of Dadens was in 1774, though not by name, by the explorer Juan Perez, who sailed past it.[5] And it was not until 1789 that there was a recorded landing, achieved by Captain William Douglas.[6] When Douglas arrived he did not have much success in trading, due to the poor quality iron his ship was carrying. From the accounts at this time, it was still a fairly large village, with a number of people inhabiting it.[7]
John Bartlett arrived at the village in 1791, and left with the first, possibly only surviving sketch of a house and frontal pole from Dadens,[8] though John Meares had taken note of a pole during his voyage in 1789.[9] Joseph Ingraham landed in Dadens in the same year, and described the village and its poles in his journal. He met three chiefs there, and identified two of them as gu.uu (whom he referred to as Cow), and Goi, but did not record a name for the last. His journal was the first to describe two large poles, not just one, both around four storeys. However, it is unclear what the second one was representative of. He also described a house with "an excavated interior" and support planks.[10] Almost immediately afterward the first French vessel arrived, captained by Etienne Marchand. An officer on his boat reportedly saw a group of people in canoes go ashore, so the ship quickly followed suit. At this time there were only two houses left in the village, but they were still occupied by a large number of people.[11]
Eight years later Captain James Rowan on his ship Eliza arrived.[12] He traded a hostage with the people of Dadens, to ensure peace was kept between the two groups. The ship clerk Samuel Berling (or John Burling, in some literature[13]), copied what 'Mr. Bumstead,' who was sent on land as the hostage, described. There were still only two houses standing at this time, but he also claimed there was a surprisingly large number of people living in them, many of whom he identifies as female slaves. Here he met Yaahl Daajee, the chief, which Berling transcribed as 'Altatse,' and is written as Eldarge in at least one source.[13] According to this journal the two houses belonged to this chief and his brother, who is not named.[14]
Emigration to southern shores of Alaska
There have been multiple migrations of families from Dadens to south east Alaska in Haida history. Ethnographers and anthropologists have speculated that some of these family groups emigrated to Alaska post-European contact.[5][15] Further, Florence Davidson in During My Time recalls gatherings at Dadens in the 1900s.[16]
Kaigani
The Haida who moved to Alaska became known as the Alaskan Haida, Ñ'íis Ýaat'áay, or colloquially as the Kaigani Haida.[1] The Tlingit Peoples also live in Alaska. Today, these two distinct nations have banded together for political reasons, namely due to the colonization of their ancestral lands by the British and Canadian Governments and their mutual pursuit of Land Entitlement and sovereign nationhood. The organize under the Central Council Tlingit and Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska. The Council of the Haida Nation (CHN) is the Indigenous governance on Haida Gwaii.
21st century
While Dadens is currently uninhabited, it has not been abandoned by the Haida. There continue to be hereditary chiefs of the village, a title passed down from one member of a clan to another, through the matrilineal line, who do not live in the village, but are tasked with protecting it. The current hereditary chief is Darin Swanson, whose Haida name is Ginaawaan, and who is a potlatched Chief and member of the Hereditary Chiefs Council, which is another governing body in addition to the CHN.
Another notable chief was Claude Davidson (1924-1991), son of Florence Davidson, an artist and father to Robert Davidson and Reg Davidson, both of whom are also artists. He was chief from 1986 until his death.
The village is now protected by a Watchman, and to visit, as with all historic villages in Haida Gwaii, one must first obtain a permit.[17]
See also
References
- ^ a b Lachler, Dr. Jordan (2010). Dictionary of Alaskan Haida. Scotts Valley, CA, USA: Red Bird Publishing. p. 601. ISBN 978-0-9825786-5-0.
- ^ "Kiusta - The Bill Reid Centre - Simon Fraser University". www.sfu.ca. Retrieved 2017-09-16.
- ^ Dalzell, Kathleen E (1973). The Queen Charlotte Islands: Places and Names Book 2. Victoria, BC: Cove Press. p. 24.
- ^ Mullins, Paul R.; Paynter, Robert (2000). "Representing Colonizers: An Archaeology of Creolization, Ethnogenesis, and Indigenous Material Culture among the Haida". Historical Archaeology. 34 (3): 73–84. JSTOR 25616833.
- ^ a b Dawson, George Mercer (1993). To the Charlottes: George Dawson's 1878 Survey of the Queen Charlotte Islands. UBC Press. p. 4.
- ^ Madonna L (2008). "Islands Coming Out of Concealment: Traveling to Haida Gwaii on the Northwest Coast of North America". The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology. 3: 35–53. doi:10.1080/15564890801906587.
- ^ Moss, Madonna L. (Fall 2017). "Islands Coming Out of Concealment: Traveling to Haida Gwaii on the Northwest Coast of North America". The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology. 3: 42.
- ^ Wright, Robin K (2001). Northern Haida Master Carvers. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 43.
- ^ Phillips, Ruth B. (1999). Unpacking Culture: Art and Commodity in Colonial and Postcolonial Worlds. London, England: University of California Press. p. 106.
- ^ Wright, Robin K. (2001). Northern Haida Master Carvers. University of Washington Press. pp. 45, 50.
- ^ Wright, Robin K. (2001). Northern Haida Master Carvers. University of Washington Press. pp. 51, 57.
- ^ Wright, Robin K. (2001). Northern Haida Master Carvers. University of Washington Press. p. 79.
- ^ a b Robinson, Mike (1996). Sea Otter Chiefs. Bayeux Arts Inc. pp. 29–31.
- ^ Wright, Robin K. (2001). Northern Haida Master Carvers. University of Washington Press. p. 85.
- ^ Swanton, John R. (1905). Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History. New York, U.S: Leiden, E.K. BRILL Ltd., Printers and Publishers. pp. 87–90.
- ^ Blackman, Margaret, B (1992). During My Time: Florence Edenshaw Davidson, a Haida woman (Rev. and enl. ed.). Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 86. ISBN 9780295971797. OCLC 25009584.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "British Columbia.com". 2012-12-18.