Irish Transport and General Workers' Union
| Ceardchumann Iompair agus Ilsaothair na hÉireann | |
 | |
| Predecessor | National Union of Dock Labourers |
|---|---|
| Merged into | SIPTU |
| Founded | January 1909 |
| Dissolved | 1990 |
The Irish Transport and General Workers Union (ITGWU), was a trade union representing workers, initially mainly labourers, in Ireland.
History
The union was founded by James Larkin in January 1909 as a general union.[1][2] Initially drawing its membership from branches of the Liverpool-based National Union of Dock Labourers, from which Larkin had been expelled, it grew to include workers in a range of industries. The ITGWU logo was the Red Hand of Ulster, which is synonymous with ancient Gaelic Ulster.
The ITGWU was at the centre of the syndicalist-inspired Dublin Lockout in 1913, the events of which left a lasting impression on the union and hence on the Irish Labour Movement.
After Larkin's departure for the United States in 1914 in the wake of the Lockout, James Connolly led the ITGWU until his execution in 1916 in the wake of the Easter Rising. In turn, William X. O'Brien became the union's leading figure, and ultimately served as general secretary for many years. Throughout World War I, the ITGWU consistently opposed Irish belligerence, and staunchly supported the advanced nationalist cause. In fact, ITGWU members, in the uniform of the Irish Citizen Army, played a leading role in the Easter Rising, while the Transport Union led a national strike that crippled an attempt to introduce conscription to Ireland in 1918.[3]
In 1923, Larkin formed a new union, the Workers' Union of Ireland, to which many of the ITGWU's Dublin members affiliated.[4] The ITGWU nevertheless remained the dominant force in Irish trade unionism, especially outside the capital. William O'Brien and James Larkin remained bitter personal enemies, and when Larkin and his supporters were readmitted into the Labour Party in the early 1940s, O'Brien engineered a split in the party, with the new National Labour Party claiming that the main party had been infiltrated by communists. A further split occurred in the Irish Trades Union Congress when that body accepted the WUI's membership in 1945. The ITGWU left the Congress and established the rival Congress of Irish Unions.
From the 1950s on proposals to merge the two unions were floated. Finally, in 1990, the ITGWU merged with the Workers' Union of Ireland to form SIPTU (Services, Industrial, Professional and Technical Union).[5]
The ITGWU should not be confused with the British-based Transport and General Workers Union, which organised in Ireland under the name Amalgamated Transport and General Workers Union (ATGWU) and is now Unite the Union.
Mergers
The union absorbed numerous smaller trade unions:[6]
- 1914: Dublin Coal Factors' Association
- 1915: Kilkenny Brewery Labourers' Trade Union
- 1917: Irish Glass Bottle Makers' Society, Rathmines and District Workers' Union
- 1919: Brewery Workers' Association (Cork), Carpet Planners of the City of Dublin, Dublin Saddlers and Harness Makers' Trade Society, Irish Land and Labour Association, Irish National Agricultural and General Workers' Union, Mullingar Trade and Labour Union, Queenstown and District Government Labourers' Union
- 1920: United Building Labourers and General Workers of Dublin Trade Union
- 1921: Amalgamated Society of Pork Butchers (Limerick and Waterford)
- 1922: Meath Labour Union
- 1923: Irish Automobile Drivers' Society
- 1925: Irish Mental Hospital Workers' Union
- 1938: Dublin Coal Factors' Association, Dublin United Tramway and Omnibus Inspectors' Association
- 1941: Limerick Corporation Employees' Union
- 1943: Tipperary Workingmen's Protective and Benefit Society
- 1950: Cumann Teicneori Innealoireachta
- 1953: Clothing Workers' Union (Derry)
- 1976: National Union of Gold, Silver and Allied Trades (Irish branches)
- 1977: Irish Shoe and Leather Workers' Union
- 1979: Irish Actors' Equity Association
- 1981: Irish Racecourse Bookmakers' Assistants' Association
- 1982: Irish Federation of Musicians and Associated Professionals (later split)
Leadership
General Secretaries
- 1909: James Larkin
- 1924: William X. O'Brien
- 1946: Tom Kennedy
- 1948: Frank Purcell
- 1959: Fintan Kennedy
- 1969: Michael Mullen
- 1983: Christy Kirwan
General presidents
- 1909: Thomas Foran
- 1939: Tom Kennedy
- 1946: William McMullen
- 1953: John Conroy
- 1969: Fintan Kennedy
- 1981: John Carroll
Vice-Presidents
- 1924: Tom Kennedy
- 1940: William McMullen
- 1947: John Conroy
- 1953: Edward Browne
- 1969: John Carroll
- 1981: Tom O'Brien
- 1982: Christy Kirwan
- 1983: Edmund Browne
References
- ^ History of Trade Unions, Irish Labour History Society. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
- ^ Irish Transport and General Workers' Union papers, National Library of Ireland. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
- ^ Phelan, Mark, 'World War I and the Legacy of the Dublin Lockout, 1914–1916', in Éire-Ireland (Winter, 2016)
- ^ Irish Transport and General Workers' Union papers, National Library of Ireland. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
- ^ SIPTU about page. Archived 22 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
- ^ Arthur Marsh and John B. Smethurst, Historical Directory of Trade Unions, vol.5, pp.465–467
