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List of off-season Australian region tropical cyclones

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Cyclone Billy–Lila near peak strength off the western coast of Australia on 10 May 1986

An off-season Australian tropical cyclone is a tropical cyclone that existed in the Australian Region, between 90°E and 160°E, outside of the official season. The World Meteorological Organization currently defines the season as occurring between 1 November and 30 April, of the following year, which is when the majority of all tropical cyclones exist. During the off-season, systems are more likely to either develop during or persist until May, with approximately 52% of such storms occurring during that month. Occasionally, however, storms develop in October, with approximately 34% of such storms occurring during that month. As of 2019, there have been 88 tropical cyclones known to have occurred off-season.

Off-season cyclones are most likely to occur in the Coral Sea, with most affecting land in some way. Cumulatively, at least 4 deaths occurred due to the storms, the most recent off-season storm was Mangga in May 2020.

Systems

The wind speeds listed are maximum ten-minute average sustained winds, while the pressure is the minimum barometric pressure, both of which are estimates taken from the archives of either Meteo France, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, the Fiji Meteorological Service, and New Zealand's MetService. If there are no known estimates of either the winds or pressure then the system is listed as "Not specified" under winds or pressure, if there is no known estimated winds or pressure. For deaths and damages "None" indicates that there were no reports of fatalities, although such storms may have impacted land. The damage totals are the United States dollar of the year of the storm.

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Category Wind speed Pressure
Unnamed 4 – 8 May 1898 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified N/A N/A N/A
Unnamed 7 – 10 July 1904 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified New South Wales None None [1]
Unnamed 25 April – 2 May 1908 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Western Australia, Tasmania None None [2]
Unnamed 27 April – 2 May 1908 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Indonesia None None [3]
Unnamed 11 – 16 July 1912 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Queensland, New Zealand None None [4]
Unnamed 14 – 20 May 1919 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified New Zealand None None [5]
Unnamed 1 – 2 July 1921 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Queensland None None [6]
Unnamed 20 – 28 July 1921 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Queensland, New Zealand None None [7]
Unnamed 1 – 6 October 1921 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Queensland, New Zealand None None [8]
Unnamed 1 – 7 June 1925 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Queensland None None [9]
Unnamed 1 – 6 May 1926 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Queensland None None [10]
05U 15 – 20 May 1926 Not Specified Not Specified 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) Queensland None None [11][12]
Unnamed 1 – 4 June 1929 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Queensland None None [13]
09U 13 – 17 June 1929 Not Specified Not Specified 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) None None None [11]
Unnamed 1 – 4 July 1932 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Queensland None None [14]
Unnamed 1 – 4 July 1934 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Queensland None None [15]
06U 24 – 27 May 1935 Not Specified Not Specified 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) None None None [11][16]
Unnamed 30 August – 3 September 1935 Not Specified Not Specified 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) Queensland None None [17]
03U 28 – 30 May 1941 Not Specified Not Specified 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) Queensland None None [11]
09U 29 April – 1 May 1948 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Queensland None None [11]
01U 26 – 28 October 1952 Not Specified Not Specified 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) None None None [11][18]
20U 30 April – 1 May 1956 Not Specified Not Specified 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) None None None [11]
01U 29 – 30 August 1956 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified None None None [11]
02U 26 October – 1 November 1956 Not Specified Not Specified 1,004 hPa (29.65 inHg) None None None [11]
32P 4 – 15 June 1958 Not Specified Not Specified 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) Solomon Islands, New Caledonia
New Zealand		 None None [19]
18U 4 – 12 June 1958 Not Specified Not Specified 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) Queensland None None [20]
33P 19 – 22 June 1958 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Queensland None None [21]
24P 24 – 29 May 1960 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Queensland None None [22]
15U 15 – 21 July 1960 Not Specified Not Specified 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) None None None [11]
49P 3 – 9 May 1963 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Solomon Islands, Queensland None None [23]
32U 2 – 9 May 1963 Not Specified Not Specified 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) Solomon Islands, Queensland None None [11][24]
33U 6 – 13 May 1963 Not Specified Not Specified 1009 hPa (29.80 inHg) None None None [11]
34U 7 – 8 May 1963 Not Specified Not Specified 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) None None None [11]
35U 7 – 14 May 1963 Not Specified Not Specified 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) Solomon Islands, Vanuatu
New Caledonia		 None None [11][25]
53P 10 – 12 May 1963 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified New Caledonia None None [26]
37U 22 – 25 June 1963 Not Specified Not Specified 1,001 hPa (29.56 inHg) New Caledonia None None [11][27]
38U 23 June – 4 July 1963 Not Specified Not Specified 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) New Caledonia None None [11][28]
Esther 26 April – 2 May 1969 Not Specified Not Specified 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) Papua New Guinea None None [29]
Lulu 4 – 9 May 1970 Unknown Unknown 996 hPa (29.42 inHg) Western Australia None None [30]
32P 22 – 23 June 1970 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified None None None [31]
Hannah 7 – 11 May 1972 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 130 km/h (80 mph) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Solomon Islands
Papua New Guinea		 None None [32]
Ida 30 May – 1 June 1972 Category 2 tropical cyclone 100 km/h (60 mph) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Solomon Islands, New Caledonia [33]
Marcelle 29 April – 9 May 1973 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 130 km/h (80 mph) 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) South-Western Australia None None [34]
02P 8 – 14 July 1973 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Queensland None None [35]
Marcia 17 – 25 October 1974 Category 2 tropical cyclone 90 km/h (55 mph) 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) Cocos Island None None [36]
Unnamed 17 – 19 October 1974 Tropical depression Unknown Unknown None None None [36]
Norah 28 October – 4 November 1974 Category 2 tropical cyclone 100 km/h (60 mph) 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) Christmas Island, Cocos Island None None [37]
Denise 19 – 25 May 1975 Category 1 tropical cyclone 75 km/h (45 mph) 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) Cocos Island Minor None [38]
Carol 3 – 9 May 1976 Category 2 tropical cyclone 90 km/h (55 mph) 990 hPa (29.30 inHg) None None None [39]
Verna 28 April – 3 May 1977 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 125 km/h (80 mph) 973 hPa (28.71 inHg) Northern Territory None None [40]
Kevin 2 – 12 May 1979 Category 1 tropical cyclone 70 km/h (45 mph) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) None None None [41][42]
Paddy 25 – 30 May 1981 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 130 km/h (80 mph) 973 hPa (28.74 inHg) Western Australia None None [43]
Alex 19 – 27 October 1981 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 150 km/h (90 mph) 964 hPa (28.47 inHg) None None None [44]
Claudia 13 – 18 May 1982 Category 1 tropical cyclone 75 km/h (45 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Solomon Islands None None [45][46]
Naomi 21 April – 2 May 1983 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 150 km/h (90 mph) 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) None None None [47]
Oscar 22 October – 1 November 1983 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 140 km/h (85 mph) 968 hPa (28.56 inHg) None None None [48]
Billy –
Lila		 5 – 12 May 1986 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone 170 km/h (105 mph) 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) Western Australia None None [49][50]
Meena 1 – 10 May 1989 Category 1 tropical cyclone 85 km/h (50 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Cape York Peninsula None None [51][52]
Ernie 6 – 12 May 1989 Category 1 tropical cyclone 75 km/h (45 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) None None None [53][54]
02S 14 – 16 July 1989 Tropical cyclone Not Specified Not Specified None None None [55][56]
Lisa 7 – 11 May 1991 Category 2 tropical cyclone 110 km/h (70 mph) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) Solomon Islands, Vanuatu None None [57][58]
Adel 13 – 15 May 1993 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 120 km/h (75 mph) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) Papua New Guinea Minimal 3 [59][60]
Willy 26 April – 1 May 1994 Category 1 tropical cyclone 85 km/h (55 mph) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) Cocos Islands None None [61][62]
Unnamed 30 April – 5 May 1996 Tropical low 85 km/h (55 mph) Not Specified Queensland None None
Rhonda 10 – 16 May 1997 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone 185 km/h (115 mph) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) Cocos Island, Western Australia None None [63][64]
Lindsay 9 – 13 July 1997 Category 1 tropical cyclone 75 km/h (45 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) None None None [65][66]
Melanie –
Bellamine		 28 October – 1 November 1997 Category 2 tropical cyclone 95 km/h (60 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) None None None [67][68]
Zelia 7 – 10 October 1998 Category 1 tropical cyclone 75 km/h (45 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) None None None [69][70]
26F 20 – 27 May 1999 Tropical depression 75 km/h (45 mph) 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) Queensland, New Zealand [71][72]
20F 26 April – 2 May 2000 Tropical depression 95 km/h (60 mph) 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) Queensland [73][74][75]
21F 28 April – 2 May 2000 Tropical depression 65 km/h (40 mph) 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) Queensland [73][74][75]
Alex –
Andre		 26 – 31 October 2001 Category 2 tropical cyclone 100 km/h (65 mph) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) None None None [76]
Errol 8 – 14 May 2002 Category 1 tropical cyclone 75 km/h (45 mph) 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) None None None [77]
Upia 21 – 29 May 2002 Category 1 tropical cyclone 65 km/h (40 mph) 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) Budelun Island None None [78]
Epi 5 – 6 June 2003 Category 1 tropical cyclone 65 km/h (40 mph) 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) Papua New Guinea None None
Phoebe 1 – 5 September 2004 Category 1 tropical cyclone 85 km/h (55 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) None None None [79]
Pierre 15 – 23 May 2007 Category 1 tropical cyclone 75 km/h (45 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Papua New Guinea Minimal None [11][80]
01U/01S 26 July – 1 August 2007 Category 1 tropical cyclone 75 km/h (45 mph) 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) None None None [81][82]
Kirrily 18 April – 1 May 2009 Category 1 tropical cyclone 75 km/h (45 mph) 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) Indonesia Minimal None [83]
24U 10 – 18 May 2009 Tropical low 35 km/h (25 mph) 1009 hPa (29.80 inHg) None None None
Anggrek 28 October – 4 November 2010 Tropical low 75 km/h (45 mph) 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) Cocos (Keeling) Islands None None [nb 1][84]
19S 7 – 14 May 2012 Tropical depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) Indonesia, East Timor None None
21P 27 – 30 June 2012 Category 1 tropical cyclone 65 km/h (40 mph) 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) None N/A None [85]
Zane 27 April – 1 May 2013 Category 2 tropical cyclone 110 km/h (70 mph) 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) Papua New Guinea, Queensland None None [11]
Quang 27 April – 1 May 2015 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone 185 km/h (115 mph) 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) Western Australia Minor None [86]
Raquel 28 June – 5 July 2015 Category 1 tropical cyclone 85 km/h (50 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Solomon Islands Significant 1 [87][88][89]
Frances 21 April – 1 May 2017 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 120 km/h (75 mph) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Papua New Guinea, Indonesia
East Timor		 None None [90][91]
Greg 29 April – 1 May 2017 Category 1 tropical cyclone 65 km/h (40 mph) 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) Cocos (Keeling) Islands None None [92][93]
Lili 4 – 11 May 2019 Category 1 tropical cyclone 75 km/h (45 mph) 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) Eastern Indonesia, East Timor
Top End, Northern Kimberley		 None None
Ann 9 May – 18 May 2019 Category 2 tropical cyclone 95 km/h (60 mph) 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Queensland None None
TD 3 – 9 May 2020 Tropical depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 1,004 hPa (29.65 inHg) Western Indonesia, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands None None
Mangga 19 – 22 May 2020 Category 1 tropical cyclone 65 km/h (40 mph) 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) Cocos Islands None None

Records and statistics

The charts below both show during which month a tropical cyclone developed during the off-season. The statistics for April are not complete and only show those systems that formed during the month and either dissipated on 30 April, or persisted into the off-season.

Notes

  1. ^ Anggrek was declassified as a tropical cyclone during the post storm analysis by the BoM, as gale force winds never extended more than halfway around the system centre.[84]

See also

References

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  2. ^ Knapp, Kenneth R; Kruk, Michael C; Levinson, David H; Diamond, Howard J; Neumann, Charles J. 1908 MISSING (1908117S14124). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  3. ^ Knapp, Kenneth R; Kruk, Michael C; Levinson, David H; Diamond, Howard J; Neumann, Charles J. 1908 MISSING (1908119S05134). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  4. ^ Knapp, Kenneth R; Kruk, Michael C; Levinson, David H; Diamond, Howard J; Neumann, Charles J. 1913 Missing (1912194S18135). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  5. ^ Knapp, Kenneth R; Kruk, Michael C; Levinson, David H; Diamond, Howard J; Neumann, Charles J. 1919 MISSING (1919135S21155). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  6. ^ Knapp, Kenneth R; Kruk, Michael C; Levinson, David H; Diamond, Howard J; Neumann, Charles J. 1922 MISSING (1921182S24151). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
  7. ^ Knapp, Kenneth R; Kruk, Michael C; Levinson, David H; Diamond, Howard J; Neumann, Charles J. 1922 MISSING (1921202S16158). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
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  56. ^ 1990 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. pp. 233–238. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
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  58. ^ Pandaram, Sudha (3 July 1992). Tropical Cyclone Lisa, 7 - 13 May 1991 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report 91/1). Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2013. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
  59. ^ Knapp, Kenneth R; Kruk, Michael C; Levinson, David H; Diamond, Howard J; Neumann, Charles J. 1993 Adel (1993131S04158). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
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  61. ^ Tropical Cyclone Willy, 28 April – 2 May 1994 (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 May 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
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  63. ^ Knapp, Kenneth R; Kruk, Michael C; Levinson, David H; Diamond, Howard J; Neumann, Charles J. 1997 Rhonda (1997125S08079). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  64. ^ Severe Tropical Cyclone Rhonda (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
  65. ^ Knapp, Kenneth R; Kruk, Michael C; Levinson, David H; Diamond, Howard J; Neumann, Charles J. 1997 Lindsay (1996190S07096). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  66. ^ Tropical Cyclone Lindsay (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
  67. ^ Knapp, Kenneth R; Kruk, Michael C; Levinson, David H; Diamond, Howard J; Neumann, Charles J. 1997 Bellamine:Melanie:Melanie_Bell (1996302S07095). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  68. ^ Tropical Cyclone Melanie 28 October – 12 November 1996 (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
  69. ^ Knapp, Kenneth R; Kruk, Michael C; Levinson, David H; Diamond, Howard J; Neumann, Charles J. 1999 Zelia (1998279S10092). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  70. ^ Tropical Cyclone Zelia (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
  71. ^ Padgett, Gary (1999). Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary May 1999 (Report). Archived from the original on 21 February 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
  72. ^ Knapp, Kenneth R; Kruk, Michael C; Levinson, David H; Diamond, Howard J; Neumann, Charles J. 1999 26F (1999140S16157). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  73. ^ a b Padgett, Gary (2000). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary April 2000". Retrieved 31 May 2011.
  74. ^ a b Padgett, Gary (2000). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Tracks April 2000". Retrieved 31 May 2011.
  75. ^ a b Callaghan, Jeff (5 August 2011). "Known Impacts of East Coast Lows, 1846–2009" (PDF). Harden up Queensland. Green Cross. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  76. ^ Tropical Cyclone Alex (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
  77. ^ Tropical Cyclone Errol (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
  78. ^ Tropical Cyclone Upia (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
  79. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Phoebe" (PDF). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 11 June 2009. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  80. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Pierre" (PDF). Australian Bureau of Meteorology.
  81. ^ Monthly Weather Review: Australia: July 2015 (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 25 August 2015. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 August 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  82. ^ Courtney Joe; Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre (16 August 2007). Unnamed Tropical Cyclone (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  83. ^ Tropical Cyclone Kirrily (PDF) (Report) (in Indonesian). Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika. 6 July 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 October 2012.
  84. ^ a b Patterson, Linda (29 May 2012). Tropical Low Anggrek (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 May 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  85. ^ "JTWC best track analysis: Tropical Cyclone 21P". United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  86. ^ Paterson, Linda (October 2015). Severe Tropical Cyclone Quang (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  87. ^ Tropical Cyclone Raquel (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  88. ^ Knapp, Kenneth R; Kruk, Michael C; Levinson, David H; Diamond, Howard J; Neumann, Charles J. 2015 Raquel (2015180S04163). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  89. ^ "Annual Global Climate and Catastrophe Report" (PDF). 13 January 2016: 48. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  90. ^ Severe Tropical Cyclone Frances (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  91. ^ "2017 Severe Tropical Cyclone Frances (2017114S08137)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 April 2020. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  92. ^ Tropical Cyclone Greg (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 30 May 2017. Archived from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
  93. ^ Knapp, Kenneth R; Kruk, Michael C; Levinson, David H; Diamond, Howard J; Neumann, Charles J. 2017 Tropical Cyclone GREG (2017120S09102). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
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