Charaxes zoolina

Club-tailed emperor
	Male wet-season form and female dry-season form (as neanthes)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nymphalidae
Genus:	Charaxes
Species:	C. zoolina
Binomial name
	Charaxes zoolina; (Westwood, [1850])
Synonyms
	Nymphalis zoolina Westwood, [1850]; Nymphalis neanthes Hewitson, 1854; Charaxes neanthes obscuratus Suffert, 1904; Charaxes zoolina-neanthes f. homochroa Le Cerf, 1923; Charaxes neanthes f. pallidior Rousseau-Decelle, 1938; Charaxes betsimisaraka Lucas, 1872; Charaxes betanimena Lucas, 1872; Charaxes andriba Ward, 1873; Charaxes relatus Butler, 1880; Nymphalis freyi Brancsik, 1892; Charaxes zoolina-betsimisaraka f. firmus Le Cerf, 1923; Charaxes lambertoni Lathy, 1925; Charaxes zoolina f. franouxi Rousseau-Decelle, 1938; Charaxes ehmckei Homeyer & Dewitz, 1882; Charaxes zoolina f. phanera Jordan, 1908; Charaxes zoolina ehmckei lineata Bivar de Sousa, 1992; Charaxes zoolina mafugensis f. kivu Turlin, 1980; Charaxes zoolina mafugensis f. wincka Turlin, 1980;

Charaxes zoolina, the club-tailed emperor or club-tailed charaxes, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in southern Africa.^[1]

The wingspan is 40–45 mm in males and 50–58 mm in females. Flight period is from October to June.^[2]

Larvae feed on Entada - Entada spicata, Entada abyssinica, Entada natalensis, Acacia natalitia, Acacia schweinfurthi, Acacia brevispica, and Acacia kraussiana.^[1]^[2]

Subspecies

Listed alphabetically.^[1]

C. z. betsimisaraka Lucas, 1872 (Madagascar)
C. z. ehmckei Dewitz, 1882 (Angola)
C. z. mafugensis Jackson, 1956 (south-western Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, north-western Tanzania)
C. z. zoolina (Westwood, [1850]) (southern Sudan, southern Ethiopia, Somalia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, northern Botswana, north-eastern Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland)

Taxonomy

Charaxes zoolina is a member of the species group Charaxes zoolina. The clade members are

Charaxes zoolina Nominate
Charaxes kahldeni

The group differs from all the others in Charaxes in the male having a tail on vein 2, but the female having two long tails on veins 2, 4. There are two different forms, one with black markings on a greenish white base colour (wet-season form) and one with reddish-brown markings on red-yellow whitish colour (dry-season form). These forms can be from eggs of the same female.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
^ ^a ^b Woodhall, Steve (2005). Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Struik. ISBN 978-1-86872-724-7.

Seitz, A. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 32 b
Victor Gurney Logan Van Someren, 1974 Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part IX. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology) 29 (8):415-487. [1]

External links

Images of C. zoolina zoolina Royal Museum for Central Africa (Albertine Rift Project)
Images of C. zoolina mafugensis (Albertine Rift Project)
Pteron Images
Images at Bold Charaxes zoolina
Bold images Charaxes zoolina zoolina
Bold images Charaxes zoolina betsimisaraka
Charaxes mafugensis images at BOLD
Charaxes ehmckei images at BOLD
Charaxes betsimisaraka images at BOLD

This article related to members of the butterfly subfamily Charaxinae is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[funet-1] "Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms

[Woodhall-2] Woodhall, Steve (2005). Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Struik. ISBN 978-1-86872-724-7.

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[2]