Chorale monody

Template:Use Harvard referencing In music, a chorale monody was a type of a sacred composition of the very early German Baroque era. It was for solo voice and accompanying instruments, usually basso continuo, and was closely related to the contemporary Italian style of monody. Almost all examples of chorale monodies were written in the first half of the 17th century.

A chorale monody used the text of a chorale, but rarely if ever used the chorale tune, at least not in a recognizable form. It was also related to the concertato madrigal, another contemporary Italian form (Marshall 2001). While the vocal part in Schein's early examples of the genre retained the rhythmic and melodic flexibility of the Italian monody, he replaced the rhythmically vague bass lines of his model with a stricter rhythmic beat in the instrumental accompaniment. The chorale monody formed the basis for the later development of the solo cantata (Bukofzer 1947, 164).

Composers

Composers of chorale monodies included:

• Christoph Bernhard
• Andreas Hammerschmidt
• Johann Erasmus Kindermann
• Sebastian Knüpfer
• Tobias Michael
• Johann Hermann Schein
• Johann Schelle
• Heinrich Schütz
• Thomas Selle
• Johann Staden
• Franz Tunder
• Matthias Weckmann

References

• Bukofzer, Manfred (1947). Music in the Baroque Era. New York, W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-09745-5.
• Marshall, Robert L. (2001). "Chorale monody". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.

Further reading

• Marshall, Robert L. (1980). "Chorale monody". In Sadie, Stanley (ed.). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Vol. iv (1st ed.). London: Macmillan. p. 322.
• Marshall, Robert L., revised by Robin A. Leaver (2001). "Chorale settings". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers. iv:323–338.