Chlormequat
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
2-Chloro-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium
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| Other names
Chlorocholine; Chlorcholine
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
PubChem CID
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| UNII |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C5H13ClN | |
| Molar mass | 122.62 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chlormequat is an organic compound with the formula ClCH
2CH
2N(CH
3)+
3 that is used as a plant growth regulator. It is typically sold as the chloride salt, chlormequat chloride[1] (C5H13Cl2N), a colorless hygroscopic crystalline substance that is soluble in water and ethanol.[2] It is an alkylating agent and a quaternary ammonium salt.
Chlormequat has been called the "most important inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis."[2] As such, it inhibits cell elongation, resulting in thicker stalks, which are sturdier, facilitating harvesting of cereal crops.[3]
Regulation and toxicity
In the United States, chlormequat is classified as a low risk plant growth regulator and it is registered for use on ornamental plants grown in greenhouses, nurseries, and shadehouses.[4] It is not approved for use on crops intended for animal or human consumption.[4]
The LD50 (rat, oral) is low, approximately 670 mg/kg.[2]
Exposure to high levels of chlormequat has been linked to developmental toxicity in animal models.[5] It also affects reproduction in mammals.[6]
It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.[7]
References
- ^ Chlormequat chloride (ChemSpider)
- ^ a b c Wilhelm Rademacher, Lutz Brahm "Plant Growth Regulators" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2010. doi:10.1002/14356007.a20_415.pub2
- ^ Gowariker, Vasant; Kalyani Paranjape; Sudha Gowariker; V. N. Krishnamurthy (2013). The pesticide encyclopedia. Wallingford: CABI. p. 93. ISBN 978-1780640143.
- ^ a b Chlormequat Chloride Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Low Risk Pesticide
- ^ "Chlormequat". Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations.
- ^ Sørensen, MT; Danielsen, V (February 2006). "Effects of the plant growth regulator, chlormequat, on mammalian fertility". International Journal of Andrology. 29 (1): 129–33. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00629.x. PMID 16466532.
- ^ "40 C.F.R.: Appendix A to Part 355—The List of Extremely Hazardous Substances and Their Threshold Planning Quantities" (PDF) (July 1, 2008 ed.). Government Printing Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 25, 2012. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
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